文/冯占江

　　【一】短语动词的被动语态

　　在英语中，常见的短语动词有三类，它们的主动语态和被动语态如下：

　　（1）动词+介词

　　如：deal with,look after,talk about等：

　　This topic has been talked about for years.

　　The baby was well looked after.

　　（2）动词+副词

　　如：pull down,put off,set up等：

　　This building will be pulled down next week.

　　The meeting has been put off till next week.

　　（3）动词+副词+介词

　　如：check up on,do away with,look down upon等：

　　The accident was checked up on yesterday.

　　That out-of-date teaching method must be done away with.

　　以上三种短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。

　　【注】

　　此外，还有”动词+名词+介词“构成的如make a mess of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of等短语，转换为被动语态时常有两种处理方法。

　　第一种方法：把动词短语当作一个及物动词。如：

　　The ownerhad made a mess of the house.

　　     主          动          宾

　　The house had been made a mess of.

　　第二种方法：把短语动词看作”动词+宾语+介词“结构。如：

　　The owner had made a mess of the house.

　　   主        动       宾

　　A mess had been made of the house.

　　但是有些这类动词如make use of只能有一种形式的转换。如：

　　He hardly ever made use of this possibility.

　　This possibility was hardly ever made use of.

　　Use was hardly ever made of this possibility.

　　常见的这类短语动词还有catch sight of,give way to,take account of等。

　　【二】”get+-ed分词“的被动语态

　　Hundreds of cars got smashed up.

　　It is upsetting when a person gets punished for a crime that he didn't commit.

　　在现代英语中，get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，动作的执行者往往不表达出来。这种结构的应用往往更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。如：

　　Several cups were broken. Another of our new cups got broken last night.

　　The picture got damaged when we were moving.

                                                                        冯占江英语老师

                                                                      2016.3.20中国·无锡

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