现在完成时态 讲解和练习 中考英语复习 初中英语语法 

现在完成时态

1.       用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now.

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

例：I have lived here since 1990.

2.       现在完成时的构成        have/has+过去分词

3.       现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句 He has finished the work.     一般疑问句  Has he finished the work?

否定句  He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has.  No, he hasn’t.

特殊疑问句  What has he done?

4.       在下列情形下用现在完成时

1常见标志词

①already 已经   肯定句中或句尾  例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.

②yet已经   否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet?

③ever曾经  句中       例：Have you ever seen pandas?

④never从不 句中       例：I have never been to Beijing.

⑤just刚刚   句中       例：I have just done my work.

⑥before以前        句尾   例：I have never been there before.

⑦so far到目前为止           例：So far he has learnt 200 words.

⑧ since 自从               例：I have lived here since I was born.

⑨recently 最近，近来  例：What have you done recently?

(10)for         例：She has been dead for a year.

2两词组

have<has>gone to已去某地   例：He has gone to Beijing   (去了北京)

have<has>been to去过某地   例：He has been to Beijing.   (去过北京)

3两结构

 

for two months	for +一段时间	Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since last year	since +过去点时间	Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here	since +过去时态句子	He has been in China since he came here.

4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？

5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5.       在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：

① He has bought the book..                            (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

② He bought the book 3 years ago    (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)

③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.                    （改为固定句型 It is ---since---）

④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）

⑤ He has had the book for 3 years.          （用延续性动词have代替buy）

6.       还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here

例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）  改为：I have been here for 3 years.

②leave/go →be away

例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）    改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on

例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed

例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.

⑤die →be dead

例：His father has died for 3 years.(错)改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end→ be over

例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)    改为：The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join            例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.

⑧buy /catch →     have

例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）  改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.

例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）    改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

break → be broken                    \ get up → be up

marry → be married                   \ become → be          \ lose → be lost \

7.       延续性动词和终止性动词

①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ walk\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ sleep\ live

②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\ put\ put on\ get up\ wake\ fall\ join\ meet\ receive\finish\ end\ complete\ become\ come\ go\ die\ open\ close\ break\ give\ jump\ buy\ borrow

8.       终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）

1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句

例：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）

John said that he was going to plant trees. （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）

2.       过去完成时：由  had+ 过去分词  构成。用法有二：

①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去

例：When we got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。

By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。

②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态

例：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.

他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.       Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time.

2.       _____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old?

3.       Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school.

4.       It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month.

5.       Is your mother at home? ------No, she _______________(go) to work.

6.   Her mother __(become)a doctor in 1970. She _____(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.

7.       He __________(teach) English here since we _________(see) him 5 years ago.

8.       How many times __________you _____________(be) to Beijing?

------Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago.

9.       I’ve lost my cat. _____________you ever ______________(see) it anywhere?

10.   My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai.

11.   Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet.

12.   Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.

13.   I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now.

14.   I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before.

15.   He joined the Party in 1990. He ___________(be) a party member for 10 years.

16.   How long _______Uncle Wang __________(work) in this factory? ------Since 1995.

17.   So far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English words.

18.   _______you ________(mend) your bike? ------Yes. I mended it a moment ago.

19.   I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already.

20.   She _______________(stay) here for over 5 years.

21.   The box is empty. Who _______________(eat) all the cakes?

22.   He has found his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?

23.   Her sister ________ (go) to Shanghai. She ____________ (leave) this morning.

24.   My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river.

25.   The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago.

每处划线中有错误，在题后改正

1.       Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.

2.       Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.

3.       I have gone to Beijing three times.

4.       Jim isn’t here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.

5.       She has lived there since 8 years.

6.       Has he been a teacher for 1990?

7.       I lived here since 3 months ago.

8.       Have you finished the work yet? ------Yes, I did.

9.       Jim’s brothers has made many kinds of kites.

10.   He has taked the books away.

按要求句型转换

Kate has already finished the homework.

否定句：______________________

一般疑问句：__________________

两回答：______________________

特殊疑问句：__________________

我们都知道，现在完成时常见的标志词包括以下词语：just，ever，never，yet，already，for，before，since，so far，recently，twice，three times等。虽然同为标志词，但它们的用法却不尽相同。这里试就其中几个易混淆的词做一简要讲解，供同学们学习参考：
1.ever，never：ever意为“曾经”，本身为肯定意义，可用于肯定、否定和疑问句中；never意为“从不”，本身具有否定意义。例如：
　　1) Have you ever seen that kind of animal?  你以前曾经见过那种动物吗？
　　2) I have ever been to London.  我曾经去过伦敦。
　　3) No one ever known the news about him. 没有人知道有关他的消息。
　　4) She has never told us about herself.   她从未告诉我们有关她的事情。
　　2. already，yet：二者都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句的中间，yet则多用于否定、疑问句末，常表示“已经，还没有”。
　　例如： 1) I have already had lunch.  我已经吃过午饭了。

2) Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成你的作业了吗？--No, not yet.  还没有。
　　3. for，since：如果想表达“我在北京已经居住了10年”这个意思，既可以说: I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 也可以说: I have lived in Beijing since 1996. 也就是说, for 表示“到......的数量”，常和一段时间连用；而since表示“自从......以来”, 其后常跟过去某一起始时间点或过去的动作。又如: The boy has studied all the time since he came into the room.
　　4. before：“以前”, 在现在完成时中，一般放在句末。
　　例如: 1) I think I have met you before.  我想我以前见过你。
　　2) It seems that I have been here before. 我似乎以前来过这里。
　　实战演练：
　　一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
　　1. ______she ______ (wait) for an hour yet?  2. He______(not finish) the work yet.
　　3. Li Ming ____(know) him since then.4. I _____(receive) a letter from my brother recently.
　　5. We ________ (be) there many times.6. How long ______ you _______ (learn) English?
　　7. Wang Ming _______ (not read) the book before.
　　8. --He _________ (live) in this city since he ________ (leave) his hometown.
　　　 --When did he ________ (leave) there?--He ________ (leave)there three years ago.
　　9. --His father _____ (be) in the Party for years.
　　　 --When _____ he ________ (join) the Party?  --He _______ (join) the Party in 1996.
　　10.-- It __ (rain) for such a long time! -- When ___ it ____ (rain)? --It ___ (rain) 3 hours ago.
　　二、根据中英文提示完成句子。
　　1. 我爸爸已经工作了25年了。my father, work, for , 25 years 　_____________________
　　2. 你学英语有多久了？how long, you, learn, English        ______________
　　3. 他自上中学就买了这辆自行车。he, have, bike, since, study, middle school ___________
　　4. 这本书我已读了一个月了。 I, read, book, for, a month ________
　　5. 这星期他已经去过图书馆三次了。He, be, to, library, three times, this week  _____