1.       Good learners find their own way.

2.       Good learners organize information about language.

3.       Good learners are creative and experiment with language.

4.       Good learners make their own opportunities, and find strategies for getting practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom.

5.       Good learners learn to live with uncertainty and develop strategies for making sense of the target language without wanting to understand every word.

6.       Good learners use mnemonics (rhymes, word associations, etc.) to recall what has been learned.

7.       Good learners make errors work.

8.       Good learners use linguistics knowledge, including knowledge of their first language in mastering a second language.

9.       Good learners let the context (extra-linguistic knowledge and knowledge of the world) help them in comprehension.

10.   Good learners learn to make intelligent guesses.

11.   Good learners learn chunks of language as wholes and formalized routines to help them perform “beyond their competence”.

12.   Good learners learn production techniques (eg. Techniques for keeping a conversation going).

13.   Good learners learn different styles of speech and writing and learn to vary their language according to the formality of the situation.