Unit7 Agriculture in Canada加拿大的农业
Agriculture is not as important to the Canadian economy as it was in the 19th century, but it continues to be the mainstay on several regions and is a significant source of export income. .加拿大农业对其经济的而言,虽然已经不如在19世纪那么重要,但它仍然是好几个地区的主经济支柱也是加拿大出口收入的一大来源。In early 1996 there were 252,800 farms in Canada, averaging 247 hectares (611 acres) in size1996年初,加拿大共有252800家农场,平均占地47公顷(约合611英亩.)
Some 430,000 men and women worked on Canadian farms in 1995, representing (相当于accounting forz占)3.2 percent of the total labor force. The annual value of farm output amounted to C$26.7 billion in 1995, which was 2.1 percent of GDP.据1995年统计,加拿大约有四十三万从事劳动,占劳动力总数的3.2%年均产值267亿美元,占国民生产总值的2.1%。
Because of Canada’s abundant production and relatively small population, it is a leading exporter of food products; 加拿大农业产量大,人口相对稀少,是世界主要的食品出口国。
these account for 8.6 percent of goods exported, compared with 0.5 percent for Japan, 6.2 percent for Mexico, and 8.3 percent for the United States.加拿大的食品出口占货物总出口额的,而日本占0.5%,,墨西哥占6.2%和美国占8.3%。
Farm life is changing considerably as farmers adjust to new trends. One trend is consumer preference for foods with lower fat content, which has changed demand for specific products.农民不断自我调整适应新的潮流,农场生活正在的发生新的变化。现一个趋势是消费者偏好脂肪含量低的食物,这使某些农产品的需求也发生了变化
For example, there is less demand for cream and more demand for vegetables. Also, the government has reduced its subsidies to the industry, making it necessary for farmers to introduce more profitable crops and more livestock production, which is generally more profitable.对奶油需求的减少和对蔬菜需求的增加。同时政府减少了农业的补贴,迫使农户进经济效益更好的作物和饲养更多的家畜以便更好的收益
ming is declining: 1995 figures indicate that, on the average, two-thirds of farm family income came from sources off the farm.全职的务农的人数减少,1995年统计数字显示,农户三分之二的收入来自非农业活动
Farms in Canada are about equally divided between crop raising and livestock production. 加拿大种植农作物和饲养家畜的农场数量大约各半
Wheat is the single most important crop, and the Prairie Provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan form one of the greatest wheat-growing areas of the world, producing more than one-fifth of the world’s supply.
小麦是最最重要的作物,亚塔、曼尼突巴和萨斯喀彻温省形成了世界上最大的小麦种植基地之一,其产量超过全世界小麦产量的五分之一 One-half of Canada’s wheat is grown in Saskatchewan. In recent years, prairie farmers have sought to diversify their crops to minimize the effects of bad crop years or reductions in the price of wheat.Thus they have increasingly shifted from wheat to other grains and oilseeds. 加拿大一半的小麦产于喀彻温省。近年来,大草原的农民一直在努力使作物的品种多样化,尽力降低小麦歉收和价格降低的影响,逐渐从小麦转向了其他谷物和油作物
After wheat, the largest cash receipts from field crops are obtained from canola, vegetables, barley, maize, potatoes, fruits, tobacco, and soybeans.除小麦这一最大的收入外,其他
的大笔的收入来自于这样的农作物,如,油菜籽,蔬菜
大麦、玉米、马铃薯、水果、烟草和大豆等。
Wheat exceeded its nearest competitor in output in 2000 at 26.2 million metric tons versus 13.6 million.2000年加拿大的小麦产量为两亿六千二百万吨,远远超过了它最近的竞争对手美国一亿三千六百万吨的产量。
Canada’s agricultural sector is in two major parts. The first, dominated by grains and livestock, is geared to the export market, and farmers receive international prices.
加拿大的农业部门有两大主要职能。一类供出口主要是谷物和家畜,农民收入取决于国际市场的价格,the second is sold
within a protected Canadian market. These products, mainly dairy products and poultry, and regulated by provincial marketing boards that allocate quotas to individual farmers to preserve the farming sector and to match supply with demand.。As a result, Canadian consumers pay a premium for poultry and dairy products.第二类是受保护的加拿大国内市场,主要是奶制品和家禽,由省级市场委员会管理,以保护农业协调供需平衡,因此,加拿大消费者禽和奶制品得多付钱
The future of marketing boards is in doubt, however, due to a recent agreement of the member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which included Canada, to open agricultural markets to full global competition.
然而,由此最近包括加拿大在内的世界贸易组织的成
员国签订了协议,同意向全球全面开放农产品市场,这给市场委员会的前途打上了问号、
Livestock and livestock products are growing in importance and account for about 50 percent of cash receipts. Beef cattle ranching is a specialized industry in the west, especially in the dry grasslands of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan.畜牧业及其产品越发重要,并占据总收入的半壁江山。肉牛生产在加拿大西部,其是草原覆盖的艾伯塔省南部和萨斯喀彻温省,已是一项特色产业
In 2000 Canada has 12.7 million cattle, about one-tenth of which were milk cows. Canada also had 12.3 million hogs and 645,000 sheep.<2000年为止,加拿大有牛一千二百七十万头,其中十分之一是乳牛,有一千二百三十万头猪和四万五千只羊。
Ontario and Quebec rank highest in the production of dairy products, with about 73 percent of the national output; in poultry farming, with 64 percent; and in egg production, with 55 percent. Quebec produces 82 percent of the maple products, and Ontario products 89 percent of the nation’s tobacco crop.安大略和奎北克的奶制品产量位居
全国前列,占全国的73%;家禽产量占64%;蛋类产量占55%。奎北克生产82%的枫树产品,安大略生产89%的烟草作物。
Fruit farming occurs in Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec, with apples contributing about 40 percent of the total value.水果种植主要在安大略、不列颠哥仑比亚省和奎北克,其中苹果
的产值约占总销售额的40%。
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