with用法总结
(2012-05-30 20:05:19)
标签:
with用法总结教育 |
分类: 英语 |
with结构也称为with复合结构,是由with+复合宾语组成,常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。With的结构同样可以用于引导独立主格结构;但是在口语中不常用且with经常被省略。博主(FancyVan)对with的结构及其用法归纳总结如下:
一、
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;
2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;
3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;
4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;
5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
6. with+ there being
下面分别举例:
1、with+名词(代词)+形容词
I like to sleep with the window open.(伴随状况)
With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it will rain
presently.大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。(做原因状语)
2、with+名词(代词)+副词
With the meal over , we all went home.(做时间状语)
He fell asleep with the light on(做伴随状语)
3、with+名词(代词)+介词短语
The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(做伴随状语)
With the children at school, we can’t take our vacation when we want to.(做原因状语)
The soldier had him stand with his back to his
father.(表示行为方式)
4、with+名词+不定式
He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(做伴随状语)
He could not finish it without me to help him.(条件状语)
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人,约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)
5.with+名词+现在分词
She fell asleep with the light burning.(做伴随状语)
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)
5.2 with+代词+过去分词
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(作为原因状语)
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)
二、
在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如:
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.
2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a
few patches of land sticking out above the water.
3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the
house.
三、
1.
with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如:
With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken
good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light
was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.
→(Her hair was gone.)
2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without
me to help him.
四.
1. with结构在句子中的位置: with
结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。
2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词
、和过去分词的区别:在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house
easily.(小男孩已领过路)
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily
tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)
3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别:
with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系
(1)由于with 结构有时做状语,而有时引导独立主格结构,所以这里特地说明一下定语,伴随状语和独立主格之间的区别。
①伴随状语和定语的区别:伴随状语一般有逗号隔开,并且状语是对动作的描述,而定语是对名词的解释。
②独立主格和伴随状语的区别:他们都有逗号隔开,但是伴随状语的动作由前一句中的主语发出。而独立主格的动作则是由后句的主语发出,并且with可以省略而动词应该非谓语化。
eg: There are 24 students learning English(定语)
(2)在第一条第6点里(there being),所有的be动词都会被写成“being”的形式。但是从时态上来解释时,being和现在分词doing有所不同。
例如:The ground is dry, there having been no rain.
The ground is dry,
在前一句中,表示“因为之前没有下雨,所以现在地是干的”下雨这一个动作先于地是干的这一个动作。
而后一句中,表示“因为没有下雨,所以地是干的”句子中的两个动作可以说是同时间发生的
(3)对于从句中动词的分词化
①在独立主格中,从句中的动词两种分词化的形式的选择取决于对从句先行词和动词的关系。
②在伴随状语的从句中,分词的选取取决于分词和主句主语的关系
五.
He lived with his sister. (和···在一起)
She is a woman with a hot temper. (具有···特性)
It rests with you do decide. (由···负责)
Have you any money with you? (在···身上)
With that remark, he left the room. (随着)
What will you buy with the money? (用,以)
Her face was white with fear.(由于)
How are you getting along with you new job? (对于,至于)
With all his faults, he is an honest man. (尽管,索然)
She is clever with the needle. (在···方面)
The cat is with young(状态)
He is a man with a sense of humor. (有)
(2)with 构成的习惯用法短语:
tremble with fear 恐惧的发抖
in connection with 与···相连
in contact with 与···有联系
comparable with 与···相比
in accordance with与···一致
with reserve有保留
with one accord一致的
with a view to为了
with a firm hand坚决的
with care小心的
with a light heart轻松地
with roar大吼着
with a growl咆哮着
shake with laughter笑得全身发抖
in touch with与···接触
In line with与···一致
In harmony with与···协调
Endowed with赋予
With open arms热情的
With a will坚定地
With the exception of除了···之外
With pleasure高兴的
With a heavy heart心情沉重的
With all one’s heart全心全意的
资源:
百度文库(with用法大全)
《大学英语语法(第四版)》华东理工大学出版社 徐广联·主编
《无敌英语语法(高中版)》外文出版社 龚亚夫·主编
《张道真实用英语语法(最新版)》外语教学与研究出版社 张道真·主编
《朗文英语语法》外语教学与研究出版社 L·G·亚历山大 主编