解读尼采时发现，人们普遍难脱对其“颓废者”的自我的疯狂的堕落的放荡的虚无的享乐的刻板印象。并将之与其“现代性”理论和虚无主义紧密相连。

需要澄清的是，尼采声称自己不是颓废者，反之，正在以能动的态度同颓废作战。

尼采在著作Thus Spoke Zarathustra中引入“超人”（Übermensch）的概念(homo superior; English: “overman”, “super-human” or “trans-human”)，表示人要超越已经颓废的人类。在尼采看来，基督教与上帝的理想国才是令人丧失活力，令人颓废与渺小的。他著名的论点是 “God is dead”。偶像使人类腐朽与堕落。“Man is something which ought to be overcome.” 人的意义与前途应该超越自身已达到Übermensch的状态。他说，我们的目标不是信仰上帝与人类建造的理想国，而是超越于人类。

“I teach you the overman. Man is something that shall be overcome. What have you done to overcome him? All beings so far have created something beyond themselves; and do you want to be the ebb of this great flood and even go back to the beasts rather than overcome man? What is the ape to man? A laughingstock or a painful embarrassment. And man shall be just that for the overman: a laughingstock or a painful embarrassment…”

“I will make company with creators, with harvesters, with rejoicers; I will show them the rainbow and the stairway to the Superman.”

尼采的主张属于学术范围，我想，这种超越人类自身的理论很有见地，带给我很多启发。

首先明白自己前进的障碍是“惰性与纵容自己”，缺乏纪律性是取得成就的大敌。自己也是最了解自己的，自己就是自己最大的敌人。清楚地明白如稍有松懈就容易滑向颓废的深渊。弱点也不是什么猛兽，谁能无弱点？对弱点与其捂着让其发酵，不如曝光拿出来晒晒好早日愈合。那么不如像尼采那样，超越人类就是超越弱点，向颓废宣战。所以，需要铁的纪加一管理，以克服自身惯性。

这里要提到是如何理解Übermensch 与如何进入这一状态：

“The Übermensch is neither person nor substance, but the existential process of overcoming both oneself and nihilism. It should be stressed that if the coming of the Übermensch was a task for times to come, and thus engaged a responsibility of some kind, Nietzsche criticized any conception of freedom as “free will”: it is not simply a matter of each one “choosing” to become a Übermensch, but rather of creating the conditions making the Übermensch’s coming possible.”

我们需要的不是消极等待overman状态的到来，而我们需要主动得去创造条件。我们在拥有理论的导向以后需要的是实践的行动力。

“But one thing is the thought, another thing is the deed, and another thing is the idea of the deed. The wheel of causality doth not roll between them.”

不要变的颓废与渺小。具体如何做，Zarathustra给出方法作为参考。

“Zarathustra assigns to his contemporary civilisation the task of preparing the venue for the Übermensch. Mankind could prepare this coming of the Übermensch through the following steps:

1. By using his will to power destructively, in the rejection of, and rebellion against, societal ideals and moral codes.
2. By using his will to power creatively, in overcoming nihilism and re-evaluating old ideals or creating new ones.
3. By a continual process of self-overcoming.

虽然后来尼采称这一方式为 a “grammatical fiction,” opposed any individualist interpretation, 并认为Übermensch a heroic figure。但不妨碍着一观点带给我们进步的启发与灵感。

如果同颓废作战，并时刻严格恪守纪律以克服自身惰性，不妨读读尼采，伟人的思想总是闪着疯狂而耀眼的光。

以此作为结语：“One must have a chaos inside oneself to give birth to a dancing star.”

PS：尼采是我很喜欢的哲学家之一。他的思想很有力量（除了对于女性的偏见的部分）。他提出的的超人学说可惜被纳粹被希特勒给误用了。所以在很多人心中也许尼采并不是个光辉的形象。但在学术界纵观西方哲学史，尼采和他的思想的火种将继续传播下去。

Reference:

Nietzsche’s idea of an overman and life from his point of view

https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~pj97/Nietzsche.htm

Friedrich Nietzsche, Buddhism and the Superman.

http://www.slideshare.net/swamy_g/friedrich-nietzsche-buddhism-and-the-superman

Nietzsche’s Übermensch: the notion of a higher Aristocracy of the future

http://www.usergioarboleda.edu.co/civilizar/civilizar-18/Nietzsche's....pdf