Unit 3

Section A

1--5    CCBDA                   6--10   AABAD            11--15   BBABB   

Section B

1--5    ADAAC                   6--10   DBDCA

Section C

1. invented        2. craftsman       3. Gradually      4. population    

5. Revolution      6. flocked         7. overcrowded    8. proper

9. The smoke came partly from the fires all the people had to keep themselves warm and partly from the factory chimneys

11. With the smoke came pollutants

12. We seem to live in the better conditions these days, but is industry really any cleaner

 

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Unit 3.

Section A Conversations

Now let’s begin with the 8 short conversations.

1. W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Grey. I’m with the local newspapers. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions？

M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.

Question: What is Susan Grey?

2. W: Suppose the company offered you a pay rise of 50%, would you be so determined to leave and look for a job elsewhere?

  M: Yes, I’ve set my mind on it; I’d like to find a job with scope to show my ability.

  Question: Why has the man decided to leave the company?

3. M: This book is $2.00 and the blue one is a dollar more.

W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.

Question: How much is the red book?

4. W: I just made a jar of jam this morning and now I can’t find it any where. Do you know what happened to it?

  M: Did you hear a crash? That was it. I’m just as clumsy as ever.

Question: What is the problem？

5. W: I read in the newspaper that the novel you are reading is excellent.

  M: I’ve also read some negative reviews.

  Question: What can be learned from the conversation?

6. W: Good morning. I’m here to see Mr. Addison.

  M: Mr. Addison went to Washington last Monday for a conference, and will be back on Thursday night. If you like, you may come again on Friday morning.

Question: When will Mr. Addison return?

7. M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.

  W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.

  Question: What’s the relationship between the two speakers?

8. M: How about your party last night?

  W: It was so interesting that not a single friend was absent.

  Question: What does the woman mean?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

Conversation 1

M: Good afternoon. I wonder if you could give me some information.

W: I’d be happy to. What can I do for you?

M: I just moved out here to the suburbs from the city. I know the library systems are different, so I want to apply for a library card here.

W: Certainly. Please fill out this card. Do you have any identification which shows your new address? I need to see something that verifies that you are a resident of the country.

M: How long will it take for me to get new card?

W: Not long. We’ll process your application and mail you your new card in about a week. At present, you can have this temporary card which you may use exactly as a regular card.

M: You mean I can use it today to borrow books?

W: Yes. Are you familiar with our system?

M: I’m afraid not.

W: Well, we use a computerized system and you see those desk-top computer terminals over there? There are about a dozen of them throughout the library. We use them to locate our books. Come on. I’ll show you how to use it.

M: I hope I don’t have to have the skills of a computer programmer to be able to use it. All I want to do is to borrow some books.

W: It’s easy. You can know the name of the book, the name of the author, or the subject. Let’s try one as an example.

M: Thank you. I think I’ll explore the whole library on my own in order to acquaint myself with all that you have.

W: Be my guest.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. What’s the man’s chief purpose in coming to the library?

10. Which of the following is not true according to the conversation?

11. Who is the woman?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversation 2

W: Why don’t you get a decent job for a change?

M: But I like my job.

W: Look, digging gardens is not a job for a university graduate.

M: But the money’s not bad and there’s plenty of fresh air.

W: If I were you, I’d go on to take a new course, teaching, accounting…

M: Accounting? Anything but that. It is so boring.

W: Come on, you must think of the future. Why don’t you just write a few application forms?

M: I’ll tell you what. I’d like to be a doctor.

W: Well, you should think very seriously about that. It means a lot of study, and then working all sorts of hours.

M: Yes, maybe. But the idea appeals to me.

W: Well, then, you ought to get more information about it as soon as possible.

Questions 12 to15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What does the woman suggest at first that that man should do?

13. Why does the man like his present job?

14. What does the woman think of the job as a doctor?

15. What can you infer from the conversation?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section B Passages

Now listen to the passage.

Passage 1

People need to go to dentist’s office to solve tooth problem, but most of them would rather endure pain than going there. The reason is quite simple — they are scared. You wait in a white waiting room. All is silent until an assistant calls your name and leads you back to another white room, filled with machines that frighten you still further.

At the Medical college Georgia, dentists are taught principles that should help reduced the patient’s anxiety and tension. Assistants and receptionists are taught to smile and speak to the patient. This helps create an atmosphere of trust. Dentists themselves are being taught to communicate more fully with the patient. The phrase such as you’re doing fine tells the patients that the dentist is aware of their situation. These phrases also help by rewarding the tolerance of pain. Dentist’s offices are being repainted in brown, green, and other stress-relieving colors, red should be avoided at all costs, because it brings to mind blood and pain. Paintings and other distractions are used; music is played to help the patients ignore his or her pain.

Some dentists go much further. They take an active role in teaching their patients to relax; some are teaching their patients deep muscle relaxation and breathing control. Some use advanced techniques to help their patients relax in the chair.

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

1. Why are most people unwilling to see the dentist?

2. What is the color suitable to use in painting the wall in a dentist’s office?

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

 

Passage 2

In this lesson, I want to talk about the history of the White House. At first, most Americans didn’t think there was anything particularly special about the White House. Few had ever seen it or had any idea what it looked like, and even the families who lived there found it completely inadequate. When it was built, the White House was the largest house in the country and it remained so until after the Civil War. But it served so many different purposes that little of it was available for the First Family to actually live in. the first floor, or “State Floor”, was made up entirely of public rooms; and the president’s offices, which were staffed by as many as 30 employees, took up half of the second floor. The First Family had to get by with the eight or fewer second floor rooms that were left. By Lincoln’s time, the situation was intolerable. The white House was open to the visitors; office seekers, and the merely curious had no difficulty making their way upstairs from the official rooms on the first floor. Lincoln was so uncomfortable with the situation that he had a private corridor constructed. He also received a $20,000 appropriation to improve the furnishings of the White House. The new furnishings did not last for more than a few years. When Lincoln was assassinated in 1865, the White House fell into disarray.

Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.

4. How did Americans feel toward the White House in the beginning?

5. Why was the White House in disarray during Lincoln’s time?

6. What happened after the White House was refurnished according to the author?

 

 

Passage 3

Alaska, which became the forty-ninth state of the United States in 1959, was bought from Russia in 1867. The price paid to the Russian government for this huge piece of land was $7,200,000. Secretary of State Seward arranged the treaty and the purchase. Because people in the United House at that time knew little about Alaska, many of them did not approve of purchasing it. Some jokingly called it “Seward’s folly”.

However, Alaska proved to be a wonderful buy. Over $450,000,000 in gold was taken from Alaska since it was bought. Alaska streams and rivers are rich in fish, and so many salmon are caught each year in Alaska that it has developed the largest salmon canning industry in the world. Alaska hills have thousands of acres of valuable timber. In addition, the area has many furbearing animals, such as seals, sea otters, minks, foxes, and beavers.

If Mr. Seward were alive today, he would be proud of his purchase.

Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

7. Which of the following was the buyer?

8. Why didn’t many people approve of purchasing the huge piece of land?

9. Which of the following resources is not mentioned in the passage?

10. What did the author think of the buy?

 

Section C Compound Dictation

Now listen to the passage.

From 1760s onwards, there was a great change in the way people lived. Machines were invented that could make things much faster than the old craftsman did. The people left their homes and small workshops to go to the big new factories. Gradually the machines drew the population from the countryside into the towns to find work. This process became known as the Industrial Revolution.

As the people flocked into the towns, the towns grew into large, dirty and industrial cities. People lived in overcrowded and unhealthy conditions. The water often polluted, there were no proper drains or sewers, and the air was filled with smoke. The smoke came partly from the fires all the people had to keep themselves warm and partly from the factory chimneys. The factories gave off other fumes as well as smoke, adding to the health hazards of living in the city. With the smoke came pollutants. They fell from the air and left a black layer over everything.

This kind of pollution continued until the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968 stopped most of it. We seem to live in the better conditions these days, but is industry really any cleaner?