语法难点:It作形式主语的用法
动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句,这类名词有:a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour,a question等,如:
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等, 如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有:appear, happen, seem等, 如:
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
It happened that I was out when he called.
5. It + be + 形容词 + for sb.)+ 动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible,wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加for sb,如:
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible,wise
6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如:
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.
=You are kind to help me.
It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.
7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式,如:
It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等,如:
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间(金钱)+ 动词不定式,如:
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
实战演练:
1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)
A. this B. that C. there D. it
3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)
A. everyone B. this C. her D. it
5. ________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.
A. It B. I C. We D. They
6. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.
A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone
7. It is never too late to learn, ________?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. does it D. doesn’t it
8. ___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.
A. As B. What C. It D. That
9. _______ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's Jiangxi Province killed 13 people
A. It B. As C. That D. What
10. ___________ certain that his invention will make people’s life convenient.
A. That’s B. This is C. It’s D. What’s
11. _________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.
A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said
12. __________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad.
A. It’s a exciting news B. This is an exciting news
C. This is exiting news D. It’s exciting news
语法难点:IT做形式宾语的用法
一、IT做形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用:
consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等。例如:
● We consider it our duty to support good leaders.
● I think it best to get along well with others.
● The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.
● Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.
● Susan deemed it advisable to keep the matter secret.
● We all feel it nice to be able to visit that distinguished university.
● Who can prove it wrong to have a "make-money-quick" mentality?
这些IT句型的不定式动词短语前,也可用上“for”的片语,如:
● Many Chinese here find it necessary for them to have a better command of Chinese.
● They thought it desirable for English to be accurately used.
● Such a plan makes it possible for older workers to be re-trained as useful staff.
除了代替不定式动词短语之外,IT也可以代替动名词与动名词短语成为句子的宾语。例如:
●I do not consider it worthwhile spending too much time on telephone conversation.
●She found it troublesome having to go through all the red tape.
●Peggie deemed it tedious writing two or three drafts for an English composition.
●Do you think it useful changing for the sake of changing?
二、IT在一些惯用语中出现:
Take...in turns; leave...to; owe...to; take...upon oneself to,如:
● Can you do all together? I think you have to take it in turns.
● I will leave it to you to assign the duties to the staff.
● Paul owed it to Susan to explain the matter.
● How can John take it upon himself to do all the chores?
● It depends看情况而定。
● Don’t mention it 不客气。
● take it easy.别着急,慢慢来。
● Believe it or not ,信不信由你。
● Make it 办得到。做得到。
● As it is照现状。
Exercise
1.(2007高考天津卷1)He didn’t make___clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A.this B.that C.it D.these
2.(2006高考湖南卷26)As the busiest woman in Norton.she made ___her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A.this B.that C.one D.it
3.(2006高考山东卷24)I’d appreciate___if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that B.it C.this D.you
4.(2006全国卷26)If I can help___ I don’t like woking late into night.
A. so B.that C. it D.them
5.(2006高考安徽卷27)—It’s been raining for a whole week. I think it’ll get fine soon.
—___.We are getting into the rainy season now.
A.yes.it will B.of course not C. It’s possible D. It’s hard to say
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