I.
　 1)The President was actually referring to the national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.
　 2)See Note 20 and Exercise IX. 1)
　 3) Admiral King ordered him to put himself at Mr. Harry Hopkins' service and the President wanted to meet Mr. Harry Hopkins before Churchill came to call.
　 4)Hopkins' estimate was that the Russians would hold. The Soviet Union needed anti-aircraft guns most. He was for , assisting the Soviet Union.
　 5)No, they didn't. Churchill thought that if U. S. helped Russia, it would hurt itself soon. Roosevelt thought the U. S. would help Russia to defeat the Germans because Hitler was threatening the world peace and he must be destroyed.
　 6)According to the author, Roosevelt was Number One Man.
　 7)The major problems were. excessive and contradictory requests from the British services, unreal plans, unfilled contracts, jumbled priorities, and fouled communications. Building new ships to replace U-boat sinkings came first, because no war material could be used against Hitler until it had crossed the ocean.
　 8)Their immediate need was a hundred fifty thousand rifles. These rifles were not as expensive and unavailable as ships, airplanes, tanks, and men.
　 9)Burne-Wilke wanted to have a word with him. The British asked for two destroyers to escort them back. The request was put to Henry indirectly and tactfully as I see it.
　 10)First, Henry would escort the Prince of Wales with two of American destroyers, disembark in Iceland, and return with the two ships. Second, the U. S. would soon be escorting all ships to Iceland and Franklin Roosevelt. Junior would be sent along as a naval aide to Churchill while he toured the U. S. Iceland base. head a military supply mission to September. Third, Henry was to the Soviet Union in
　 11)Over the ship was hanging a subtle gloom because the conference was not productive as expected by Churchill.
　 12)Henry answered it was a rare privilege. He didn't accept the invitation because he thought once was plenty.
　 13)No, he didn't.
　 14)Because there was not a shred of increased American commitment.
　 15)Because many countries were British colonies.
　 16) Perplexed looks, lengthening faces, and headshakes. The questions centered on why the U. S. didn' t increase its commitment. Henry' s explanation was that the American people didn't want to fight Hitler.

Ⅱ.
　 1)Compared with the British vessel which had gone through many a battle and weathered the storm, the Augusta which was new and clean and which carried King seemed to be from another world.
　 2)A group of British navy men were cleaning the deck in a spirited way.
　 3)His visits to London and Moscow were widely covered by newspapers all over the world.
　 4)He's having the best time of his life, sir.
　 5) The Russians will fight on. And it will be difficult for them to manage to carry on the fight.
　 6) Hopkins extended one of his weak and feeble hands and used his thin bony fingers to count the things the British wanted to have.
　 7)But it will make it difficult for the Americans to reject their second demand.
　 8)Their empire is very weak in that area (in Asia).
　 9)The British will also try, subtly but hard, to reach an agreement that the U.S. should give more and earlier assistance to Britain than to Russia.
　 10)The two leaders made their handshake last longer than usual to give photographers time to take pictures. At the same time they smiled and greeted each other.
　 ll)Somehow Roosevelt looked just a little more of a Number One Man.
　 12)Pug was more familiar with the crippled President than the one on the front-pages standing upright.
　 13)Throughout the talk of big imaginary plans ... one pitiful item appeared again and again.
　 14)If Russia was defeated, Hitler might try to conclude the war successfully with a large-scale airborne attack on England.
　 15)It was rather risky and daring (sportsmanlike) of Churchill to give the German soldiers a good chance to attack him on the high seas.
　 16)We would have to be careful not to make excessive use of those good angels, otherwise they would refuse to protect US.
　 17)There are too many claims on the limited naval force so we are badly in need of destroyers for escorts on our way back.
　 18)We could do with two more destroyers on the escort force on our return journey.
　 19)Victor Henry could be vaguely aware of a feeling of helplessness which was difficult to perceive but which permeated the place.
　 20)They were over conscious of their country's plight.
　 21)Their conversation showed that they were not sure of the American aid though they felt a little hopeful.
　 22)There in the Soviet Union things are going badly for the Russians.
　 23)You may experience some adventure during the voyage.
　 24)The film was interesting but without any important meaning.
　 25)For Victor Henry, it was an embarrassing half hour.
　 26)The declaration is in high-sounding words, but contains nothing substantial in terms of aid to Britain by the United States.
　 27)There was clear cut condemnation of the Nazi regime, but no promise of more U.S. aid.
　 28)I would think the Roosevelt-Churchill conference might have decided on more things than that.
　 29)Pug thought it better to give a clear, direct answer. Ambiguity would not bring any good, only more illusions and disappointments.
　 30)Lend-Lease is no hard work, it just means the American people will have more jobs and earn more money.

Ⅲ . See the translation of the text.

Ⅳ.
　 sailors, officers, destroyers, battleship, admirals, generals, cruiser, vessel, accomodation ladder, main battery guns, quartermaster, the Navy captain, gangway, quarterdeck, gang-plank, bridge, cabin, afterdeck, marine, submarine, naval aide, wardroom, major-general, U-boat, flagship, embark, disembark

V.
　 deck--floor, bulkhead--wall, stem--head, stern--tail, port--left (or left-hand side), starboard--right (or right-hand side), galley--kitchen, wardroom--living (or dinning)quarters for officers，bunk——bed

Ⅵ．
　 1)aluminium 2)armoured 3)colour 4)favour 5)grey 7)programme 8)metre 9)labour 10)manoeuvre

Ⅶ.
　 1)mist是薄雾；fog意义广泛，可指各种各样的雾。 2)chores是日常琐事；tasks意义宽泛得多，可指任务 工作、作业、功课等。
　 3)brass band为铜管乐队；symphony orchestra指弦乐队。
　 4)beckon是用手或身体其他部位示意；call除了用姿势，还可 用话语。
　 5)belittle意为贬低，带有故意挑剔的意味;diminish一般不含故意的成分。
　 6)hobble指跛足而行；totter指行走不稳定，往往暗示年老体弱；stagger指醉酒或头脑昏沉时脚步踉跄。
　 7)hitch指一拉一拉地移动，如瘸子行走的样子；move较为抽象，只表示“移动”，“运动”，不涉及移动、运动的方式。
　 8)blouses指水手、士兵的紧身短上衣；shirts指衬衣。
　 9)sip比drink更具体，指一小口一小口地喝，呷。
　 10)start后常接动名词或不定式，接名词时意为begin(开始)；start on后接名词，意思是开始做某事。
　 11)paine(!expression指情绪不高；painful expression指因痛 苦而产生的表情。
　 12)heartily表示热烈地，热情地；happily表示幸福地，喜悦地。
　 13)detach表示让……去干别的事；dismiss意为开除。
　 14)secrecy warnings指看得见的，告诉人们这是秘密地点的警告；secret warnings是看不见的，也不让别人看见的警告。
　 15)remark是简短地说，比较随便地评论；comment往往用于正式场合；plod意为费力地缓慢行走；stroll指悠闲地漫步。

Ⅷ．
　 1)plodded 　　　2)walked 　　　3)hobbled 　　　4)tottered 　　　5)stroll 　　　6)diminished 　　　7)reduced 　　　8)belittle 　　　9)dwindled 　　　10)minimize 　　　11)felt 　　　12)is fully aware of 　　　13)are conscious of 　　　14)sensed 　　　15)clustered 　　　16)swarmed 　　　17)rounded up 　　　18)mustered

IX.
　 1)The Augusta is an American cruiser and at that time the United States nominally was not at war with Hitler while the Prince of Wales was a British battleship and Britain had been fighting against Hitler's Germany for over a year. Hence the statement "from America to England and from peace to war".
　 2)At places on the part above the main deck there were new welds. These were damages caused by the gunfire of the German battleship Bismarck. The welds looked like stick-ing plaster put to new Wounds.
　 3)This time Hitler has attacked a country too big for him to conquer.
　 4)Britain was no longer the Number One power of the "free democracies',. The United States was taking over this position. 5)As soon as the two parties agreed that priority should be given to the building of ships, all other requests and programs would have to be crossed out.
　 6)This simple yardstick rapidly revealed what were lacking in the U.S. war industry at the time.
　 7)Wines and spirits are forbidden in your Navy or you're not allowed to drink on board, are you?
　 8)The President is the man who lays down all Navy regulations and he can adapt them as he wishes.
　 9)Blockade ... would in time weaken the German control of Europe.
　 10)They were over conscious of their country' s plight.
　 ll)They vote according to their political suspicions or intuitions to protect their political careers. They try to figure out what the electorate want and then vote accordingly. In this way they hope the electorate will be pleased and they will be able to be re-elected.
　 12)You are our favorite．We feel kinship with you．You are the players from our side，all right；we are the spectators，we stand on your side。we have sympathy for you．When you play，we cheer you．

X．
　 1)The wilderness—ringed Argentia Bay in Newfoundland looked gray and it was very quiet there．
　 2)Droves of blue jackets were doing a scrub—down in high spirits．
　 3)They prolonged the clasp for the photographers．talking and smiling．
　 4)Pug observed that not one of them was taking photos when he hobbled．
　 5)The sailors swarmed into a ring around the two men, laughing and cheering．
　 6)Franklin Roosevelt listened attentively．his eyes were shining and he was smiling all the time．

Ⅺ．
　1)他把钢笔丢了，还是一支新的呢。
　 2)主干道上来往的车辆越来越多。
　 3)别这么夸我，我会让你失望的。
　 4)他逐渐出了名。
　 5)瞥这一眼就够了，不用再请了。
　 6)1977年底时，他们的纯收入是近五年来最低的。
　 7)1942年春季来临时，德国的军事形势几乎没有什么变化。
　 8)他用含混的语言掩饰真正的用意。
　 9)经过三周激烈的谈判，达成了交易。
　 10)医生一心扑在病人身上。
　 11)我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。
　 12)在禁酒期间，美国有些城市滴酒不售。
　 13)她喜欢面包上什么也不涂。
　 14)诗人要亲身体会一下各种各样的感情，从狂喜到悲痛欲绝。
　 15)那个国家尚未成为该国际组织的正式成员。
　 16)他只懂一点儿法语。
　 17)别开他的玩笑。
　 18)别放在心上，我是说着玩儿的。
　 19)汽车在公路上疾驰。
　 20)他们得精打细算，使钱能勉强用到发工资时。

Ⅻ．
　 1)We believe that victory is in sight．
　 2)They warn there is no obvious remedy in sight.
　 3)After the toasts by the host and guest，the band struck up an American folk song．
　 4)They struck up a friendship right after their first meeting.
　 5)To improve your diction， you must pay attention to the shades of meaning of words．
　 6)The African nations might press{or more stringent sanctions．
　 7)I didn't press him for further explanation?
　 8)The world newspapers are focusing their attention on the summit conference being held in Geneva.
　 9)Demonstrators took to the streets by the thousands.
　 1O)The communique struck the reporters as one of historical significance
　 11)The U．S．president returned from the Mideast last week，only to find a new war raging on the domestic energy front．
　 12)Disappointed and exhausted，the general retired earlier than usual，only to be awakened soon after midnight.
　 13)There is more to the vote than approval of the canal treaty．
　 14)We 100ked at it more carefully to see whether there was more to it than we assumed in the past．
　 15)This mountain stream makes sounds similar to those of a guitar．Hence the name “The Spring of Jade Guitar"

ⅩⅢ．
　 re—elected， naturally， endorsement' domestic， met， appealed，nations，defense，called，submitted，designed, limitations, make, available, This, authorized, transfer, articles, any, vital, also, nations, shipyards, law || made, arsenal, American, to, Axis, worth, services, production, officially, neutrality || announced, extended, one, common, broke, set, vast, was, mistakes, undid, England, had, pinning, German, front

XIV. Omitted.

XV.
　 "If Hitler wins in Russia, he wins in the world; if he loses in Russia, he' s finished". That's also President Roosevelt's opinion for Hitler' s invasion of Soviet Union.
　 If the United States interfered and declared war on Germany, the serious condition would be lessened. But Roosevelt lacked the support of the Congress and many of the people. Anyway, he did quite a lot in favour of the Soviet Union and Anti-Fascist League. He was going to send a military supply mission to Soviet Union, and he was ready to send a government representative to Moscow.
　 At that time, the life in America is peaceful and comfortable. People did not want to fight against Hitler nor anybody. And the congressmen tried to avoid any damage and loss of property from the war. Thus the extension of the draft was won just within one vote.
　 On the other hand, the condition then was profitable to the United States. It benefited from the war through the arms trade and other service trade. The passage of Lend-Lease Act is one indication.
　 At last America joined the war, that was for the sake of the situation.