当控制文件不存在时候的报错：

 SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
 SQL>

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cd /oracle/oradata/peng
[oracle@localhost peng]$ mkdir control
[oracle@localhost peng]$ mv control0* control
[oracle@localhost peng]$

 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes
Fixed Size                  1266392 bytes
Variable Size             100666664 bytes
Database Buffers           62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers                2924544 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

 SQL>

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ pwd
/oracle/admin/peng/bdump
[oracle@localhost bdump]$
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ tail -f alert_peng.log
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
Sat Jan 15 01:48:52 2011
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Sat Jan 15 01:48:52 2011
ORA-00202: control file: '/oracle/oradata/peng/control01.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Sat Jan 15 01:48:58 2011
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT...

SQL>
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>

将控制文件移回

[oracle@localhost peng]$ cd control/
[oracle@localhost control]$ ls
control01.ctl  control02.ctl  control03.ctl  control05.ctl
[oracle@localhost control]$ mv * ..
重新启动

 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes
Fixed Size                  1266392 bytes
Variable Size             100666664 bytes
Database Buffers           62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers                2924544 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
 SQL>