一、never的用法
1.
never主要与肯定动词连用而不与否定动词连用。一般情况下它意为“从未有过”:
Some people are never satisfied.
有些人从不满足。
I was never very good at maths.
我在数学方面从来就不很好。
A clever politician never promises too much.
聪明的政治家从不过多地许诺。
Have you met Marilyn. I’ve never met her.
你见到过玛里琳吗? 我从未见到过她。
2.
never+肯定动词有时可以替代一个普通的否定动词:
I waited but he never turned up.
我等着,可他根本没有来。
3.
never+疑问动词可表示说话人对于未能做到某事而感到惊讶:
Has he never been to Japan? I’m surprised, because his wife is
Japanese.
他从没去过日本吗?我感到很惊讶,因为他妻子是日本人。
二、ever的用法
1.
ever意为“在任何时间”,主要用于疑问句中:
Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?
Have you ever seen a gorilla?
你看到过大猩猩吗?
Have you ever seen any film like that? 你看过这样的电影吗?
Have you ever heard a pop song sung in Japanese?
你听见过有人用日语唱流行歌吗?
2.
ever可与否定动词连用,特别是在与复合时态连用时,可代替never+肯定动词:
I don’t ever want [never want] to see you again.
我永远不想再见到你了。
He doesn’t ever complain.=He never complains.
I promise you, he won’t ever [will never] trouble you
again!
3.
ever+肯定动词可以用于比较中,也可以和表示假定和怀疑的词连用:
I don’t suppose he ever writes to his mother.
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● 这一句型中的never
有时可改用其他否定词。看下列例子:
(只要查一下
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(由于个人原因他从来未表现出很强,但他确是学院里的一位传奇人物。)
“cannot(never)…too…”结构的用法
请看下面这道高考题:
—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car
cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be ___________ careful in the
street.(2003北京春)
A. much B. very
C. so D. too
分析:该题考查的是“cannot (never)…
too…”结构的用法。答案为D,句意为“在街上骑车,你越小心越好”。
“cannot …
too…”结构表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”、“要格外……”的意思。表示此意的结构有下列几种:
1. cannot +动词+too +形容词或副词。如:
We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.
我们做实验时越仔细越好。
I cannot thank you too much.
我怎么感谢你也不过分。
2. cannot + over动词/cannot + be
+over-形容词。如:
We cannot overemphasize the importance of learning a foreign
language.
我们无论怎么强调学习外语的重要性也不过分。
We cannot be over- vigilant.
我们应该特别警惕。
3. cannot+动词+too much (much
enough)。如:
We cannot praise him too much.
我们无论怎样表扬他也不算过分。
He is very reliable. You can’t trust him too much (much
enough).
他很可靠,他是你最值得信赖的人。
4. cannot +动词+形容词或副词+enough。
在“cannot… too…”结构中的too可换成enough;
not也可换成never, hardly等否定词。如:
You can never be strong enough.
强壮的身体有百利无一害。
Drinking water can never be pure enough.
饮用水越纯越好。
5. cannot +动词+too many +可数名词(或too much
+不可数名词)。如:
I think it right that one cannot learn too much
knowledge.
我认为一个人的知识越多越好。
It is wrong to think that one cannot bear too many
children.
认为一个人生的孩子愈多愈好是错误的。
Never mind的口语用法
1. 表示安慰,意为:别着急;不要紧;没关系。如:There, there, never mind! 好啦,好啦,不要紧的。
Never mind, next time I’m sure you can do better. 没关系,我相信你下次一定会做得好些。
A:We’ve missed the train! 我们错过火车了。
B:Never mind, there’ll be another in ten minutes. 不要紧,过十分钟又有一趟。
2. 用来谢绝别人的提供,意为:不用啦;别费事啦。如:
A:Can I help you with it? 要我帮你做这事吗?
B:Never mind. 别费心啦。
有时用作反语。如:
Never mind saying you’re sorry, who’s going to pay for the damage you’ve done? 别说对不起了,你损坏的东西谁来赔?
3. 用来回答道歉,意为:没关系;没什么。如:
A:Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
B:Never mind. 没关系。
A:I’m sorry I’ve spilt some tea on the table-cloth. 对不起,我把茶洒在桌布上了。
B:Never mind, it will wash out. 没关系,洗得掉的。
4. 用来否定某一想法或提议等,意为:算了;没什么。
Never mind, please don’t go for it. I shan’t want it. 算了,请不要去取了,我不想要。
A:Do you still want to go to see him? 你还想去看他吗?
B:Never mind. 算了,不去了。
A:What did you say? 你说什么?
B:Oh,never mind. 噢,没说什么。
5. 用来回答挖苦或指责,意为:这与你无关;这不关你的事;这不用你管。如:
A:Do you call yourself a gentleman, sir? 你还自称为绅士,先生?
B:Never mind, sir. 这不关你的事。
6. 后接名词、代词、从句等,表示:不用管; 别介意;别理会;更不用说等。如:
Never mind him, he’s not serious. 别介意,他是说着玩的。
Never mind who told me, that’s of no importance. 不用管是谁告诉我的,那无关紧要。
How would he find the time? Never mind the money. 他怎么能找到时间来做这事? 那就更别提钱了。
注:Never mind 是习语,它不能改为:Don’t mind.
"never+比较级"的用法
否定副词never与比较级连用有时可表示最高级的意义。如:
I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
(相当于说:这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。)
I have never met a kinder man. 我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
(相当于:这是我遇见过的最仁厚的人。)
He had never spent a more worrying day. 他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
(相当于说:这是我度过的最烦恼的日子。)
注:有时也可不用never而用其他否定词。如:
No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。