加载中…
个人资料
  • 博客等级:
  • 博客积分:
  • 博客访问:
  • 关注人气:
  • 获赠金笔:0支
  • 赠出金笔:0支
  • 荣誉徽章:
正文 字体大小:

spend / take /cost /pay 用法辨析及针对性练习

(2014-04-02 12:23:08)

spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型: 
1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth. 
2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.

3.spend money for sth. 花钱买……

I spent fifty yuan on the coat. 
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 
我花50元买了这件大衣。 
He spent three days on the work. 
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 
我干这项工作用了3天。 
例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。


take

常用于占用、花费时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是: 
1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth
例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。
2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.

3.sb. take  some time to do sth.
例如: The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 
他花了一下午修车。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 
pay
付款、赔偿之意,主语通常是人,句型
1. sb. pays some money for sth
例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。
2.  sb pay sb. money (for sth) = sb pay money to sb. (for sth ) 
付钱给某人(买……。)
例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back 
还钱。
例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
4. pay off one's money
 还清钱。 
5.pay for sth. 付……的钱。赔偿。。。。。。

例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。

6 pay for sb. 替某人付钱。

例:Don't worry ! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。

cost的主语是物或某种活动,
还可以表示。句型
1. sth. costs (sb.) money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 
time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

3.It costs sb. + money +to do sth . 买某物花了某人多少钱

 

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 
2004
年北京市海淀区中考试题
I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, takespend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里,所以正确答案影视spend
This science book ____ me a great amount of money.
A. took 
 B. cost  C. used  D. spent
答案:B

 

cost, pay, spend用法“五辨”

 

一、辨主语

虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。如:

The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。

It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。

I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。

It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。

The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)

I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)

注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:

Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。

 

二、辨宾语

cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:

How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?

It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。

He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。

注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:

Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:

It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。

 

三、辨句型

从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为:

sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱

it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱

sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱

sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱

it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱

sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做

sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事

 

 

四、辨语态

三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:

误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.

误:Two hours was taken to do the work.

正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。

 

五、辨引申

三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:

1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:

Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。

Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。

2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如:

I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。

He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。

3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:

It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。

It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。

It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。

 

针对性练习

(一)

1. ----Your bike is so nice ,How much is it ?

    ___ It           me $ 360 .

2. We        100 dollars on these books last week .

3. It         me two hours to do my homework last night .

4. Toney        fifty yuan for his new coat .

5. It's nice of you              so much time showing me around your school.

     A. take   B. spend   C. cost   D. have

6.  It will         you about 2 hours to fly to Beijing from Nanjing.

    A. spend   B. take   C. use   D. cost

7. ---I         5,000 yuan on this iPhone .

    ----Wow, so much ! I can't afford it .

    A. spent   B. paid   C. cost

8. ---This dress looks beautiful on you . How much is it ?

    ---It            me more than a thousand yuan .

     A. spent   B. cost   C. took   D. paid

9.--Do you take exercise every day ?

0

阅读 收藏 喜欢 打印举报/Report
后一篇:cost的用法
  

新浪BLOG意见反馈留言板 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 产品答疑

新浪公司 版权所有