动词不定式的语法功能

不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称或数的变化。不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独做谓语。
一、不定式的用法
1. 做主语
To see is to believe.
It is + adj./n. + to do It is important to learn English.
How to work out the problem is important.
2. 做表语
To see is to believe.
My question is when to set off.
3. 做宾语
(1).He wanted to do it.
(2).I will show you how to get to the railway station.
(3).不定式短语做宾语时,如果带有宾补,则把不定式放在宾补之后,用形式宾语it
I find it interesting to learn English.
4. 做定语
(1).Would you like something to eat?
(2).不定式若为不及物动词或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地
点、工具等,不定式后面要有介词。
He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
(3).若所修饰的名词是time, place, 或way介词可省
He had no place to live.
5. 做宾补
He asked me to do the work with him.
He wanted me to help him.
*在feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make后做宾补不带to,变为被动要带to
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
6. 做状语
表示目的,原因,结果,条件
I came here to see you. (表目的)
We were excited to hear the news. (表原因)
He hurried to school to find nobody there. (表结果)
He hurried to school, only to find nobody there. (表结果)
To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)
* too + adj. + to do (状语)
He is too old to do that.
The room is big enough to hold us.
7. 做独立成分
To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.
初中5大基本句型
英语句子是由主语、谓语动词、宾语、 表语、状语、宾语补足语等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式初中英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
http://p2.pstatp.com/large/5b10001ff4bba8b0307例: The rain stopped .雨停了
The old man walks in the park .老人在公园里走
句型一的扩展:
1.主语+不及物动词+状语
The machine works smoothly. 机器运转正常
2.There +不及物动词+主语
There is some milk in the bottle. 有一些牛奶在杯子里
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
They stopped to take a short rest . 他们停下来稍作休息
特别提醒:
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时 通常后接动词不定式表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词表示停止做这件事。
例:They stopped taking a rest .
http://p2.pstatp.com/large/5b10002008f045df5b8例:My sister is a nurse . 我的姐姐是一个护士
I feel quite hungry . 我感到有一点饿
句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。
例: We are learning English . 我们在学习英语
Your radio needs repairing . 你的收音机需要修理了
前3个句型是比较简单,更让初中生头疼的是下面2个句型。
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
例: Her mother bought her a skirt. 她的妈妈给她买了一条裙子
Give me the book please. 请给我这本书
http://p2.pstatp.com/large/5d9000001bf0dc9eff2句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。
例:
The teacher asked me to answer the question . 老师让我回答这个问题
I found my money stolen . 我发现我的钱被偷了
特别提醒
1、 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2、在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉"to"但变为被动语态时, 则要带"to".
例: We hear her sing next door.——She is heard to sing next door .
3、此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。
例:They saw him steal the old man's money. 他们看见他偷了那个老人的钱
被动:He was seen to steal the old man's money
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单词、词组及句子
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b1000234f196e08ac0
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d9000031490d811feb
http://p2.pstatp.com/large/5d90000314a3d7a880e
词汇语法句型
一、非谓语动词
http://p2.pstatp.com/large/5d9000000bb911d4f82二、动词ing形式
http://p1.pstatp.com/large/5d9000000e654cdcbc8三、不定式作宾语
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d9000000f75c8c6d39四、形容词和副词的比较级
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d90000010af83fbf87五、关系代词
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b100020554863170ea六、有关比较级的区别
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b10002058f70b5695b七、do、to do
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b1000205bafd065cfa八、形容词
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b1000205e113328014九、一般将来时
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d90000020fa822303a十、疑问代词
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d900000225516cf706十一、分词
http://p9.pstatp.com/large/5b10002066c624e8a6f十二、常见助动词用法
http://p1.pstatp.com/large/5d9000002987a470b39十三、助动词
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5b1000206c8e58263c3十四、不定式句法功能
http://p3.pstatp.com/large/5d90000034af01cb75a十五、一般现在时
http://p1.pstatp.com/large/5b100020770730d972c十六、动词