1. semantics: Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning.

2. Semantic triangle: It is suggested by Odgen and Richards, which says that the meaning of a word is not directly linked between a linguistic form and the object in the real world, but through the mediation of concept of the mind.

3. sense : Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. It is abstract and de-contexturalized. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in.

4. reference : Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

5. synonymy: Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms.

6. dialectal synonyms: synonyms that are used in different regional dialects.

7. stylistic synonyms: synonyms that differ in style, or degree of formality.

8. collocational synonyms: Synonyms that differ in their colllocation, i.e., in the words they go together with.

9. polysemy : The same word has more than one meaning.(05/03)

10. homonymy: Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. (04)

11. homophones: When two words are identical in sound, they are homophones.

12. homographs: When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs.

13. complete homonymy: When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are complete homonyms.

14. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.

15. superordinate: The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate.

16. co-hyponyms: Hyponyms of the same superordinate are co-hyponyms.

17. antonymy: The term antonymy is used for oppositeness of meaning.

18. gradable antonyms: Some antonyms are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. e.g, antonyms old and young, between them there exist middle-aged, mature, elderly.

19. complementary antonyms: a pair of antonyms that the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other. It is a matter of either one or the other.

20. relational opposites: Pairs if words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called relational opposites. For example, husband---wife, father---son, buy---sell, let---rent, above---below.

21. entailment: the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one is inferred from the truth of the other. E.g. Cindy killed the dog entails the dog is dead.

22. presupposition: What a speaker or writer assumes that the receiver of the massage already knows. e.g. Some tea has already been taken is a presupposition of Take some more tea.

23. componential analysis: an approach to analyze the lexical meaning into a set of meaning components or semantic features. For example, boy may be shown as [+human] [+male] [-adult].

24. predication analysis: a way, proposed by British linguist G. Leech, to analyze sentence meaning.

25. predication: In the framework of predication analysis, the basic units is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

26. predicate: A predicate is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.

27. argument: An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.

28. selectional restriction: Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by the rules called selectional restrictions, i.e. constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

29. semantic features: The smallest units of meaning in a word, which may be described as a combination of semantic components. For example, woman has the semantic features [+human] [-male] [+adult]. (04)

30. presequence: The specific turn that has the function of prefiguring the coming action. (05)