Text Analysis
Sailing Round the World
At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of that adventure.
[para 1] Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.
1) single-handed: adj. & adv. (done) by one person alone
Mary accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.
This man has changed the whole situation almost single-handed.
这个工作无法由一个人独自完成。----The job cannot be done single-handed.
这是一种以形容词或形容词短语用作状语的语法现象,其作用类似非限定性定语从句,表示某种增补的意义。它们通常用来说明主语的状况,例如:
The man opened the letter, nervous.
The soldier fell down, dead.
He approached us full of apologies.
但它们也可用来说明宾语的状况,如:
We drink it hot.
She pushed the door open.
[para 2] The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. 奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时,已经58岁了。 His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1966, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in his new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.
l In which year did he win the first solo transatlantic sailing race?
In 1959.
1) be determined to do / about doing sth.: have a strong will to (do)
He is determined about giving up smoking
Columbus was determined to prove that India could be reached by sailing west.
CF: be determined to do sth. & make up one’s mind to do sth.
be determined to do sth. 侧重某人的决心。
make up one’s mind to do sth. 则强调某人打定主意,不再动摇。
We are determined to devote ourselves to just causes.
At last we made up our minds to tell her the truth.
2) retire: vi.
1] give up one’s job because of old age
He thinks it lucky to retire at full salary.
Though she is nearly 65, Mary doesn’t want to retire.
2] go away; withdraw
The soldiers had retired 25 miles from the frontier.
After a dance, the guests retired to their seats.
3) go to bed
I have a habit of retiring early and getting up early.
3) voyage:
n. a long journey (by sea, by land or through outer space)
A voyage to the moon will be available to common people, I’m sure.
The sailor will make a voyage to Singapore.
vi. go on a (sea) journey; sail
Sir Frances Drake was the first man who voyaged around the world.
CF: voyage, journey, travel & trip 这几个词都是名词,都有“旅行”、“旅程”之意。
voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的水上航行,但也可指空中航行。
例如:
In those days, the voyage to Australia was long and dangerous.
journey是比较正式的用语,通常指陆地上的远行,没有回到原出发地的
含义。例如:
At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.
travel的单数形式泛指旅行这一行为或过程,而要表示某次具体的旅行时,通常用复数,而且通常指到远方作长时间的旅行。例如:
Her interests are politics, music, and travel.
trip通常指较短距离的旅行,但在较通俗、随便的用法中可代替journey。例如:
Did you enjoy your trip to Shanghai?
Collocation:
maiden voyage 处女航,首航
arduous voyage 艰难航行
go on / make / take a voyage to… 去…旅行
be on a voyage 在旅途中
[para 3] Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chichester did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14,100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone. 这段航程比以往单人驾舟航海的最远航程的一倍还多。
l What is the grammatical function of “anyone had previously sailed alone” in the sentence?
It’s an attributive clause modifying the word “distance”.
1) all by oneself: completely alone; without any help
You can't go home all by yourself in the dark.
我们独自完成这项任务。--- We finished this task all by ourselves.
2) cover: vt.
1) pass over or travel (a certain distance)
They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.
2) place or spread sth. upon, over, or in front of (sth.)
The floods covered thousands of towns.
3) hide; protect
He laughed loudly to cover his fear.
3) previously: adv. before the present time or the time referred to
She was previously employed as a tour guide.
两个月前,我就把信寄出了。--- I had posted the letter two months previously.
[para 4] He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help.
Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen.
l Paraphrase the sentence.
He did not pay any attention to/ He was not influenced by what others said.
l What can we infer from this sentence?
We can see his character that when he is determined to do something he will never give it up.
[para 5] After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends’attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.
1) set off :
1) begin a journey; start
I'll set off early to avoid the traffic.
2) cause (sth.) to explode
It’s the custom for Chinese people to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
Collocation:
set off for holidays
set off for a place (eg. Shanghai)
2) in spite of: regardless of
Jack went to school in spite of the heavy snow.
in spite of 和 despite 两者意义相同,后面均跟名词,可以互换。但是,despite 本身是介词,不能与 of 连用。例如:
We had a wonderful holiday in spite of / despite the weather.
3) attempt:
n. effort to do sth.
He made no attempt at escaping.
A true friend will make every attempt to help you.
vt. try
He attempted a joke, but no one laughed.
attempt to do sth.; attempt sth.
Someone had attempted to open the car door.
We attempted the puzzle but had to give up.
4) dissuade: vt. prevent (sb.) from doing sth. by giving reasons
dissuade sb. from doing sth./sth.
He dissuaded his friend from gambling.
他们劝她别辍学--- They dissuaded her from leaving school.
persuade 是 dissuade 的反义词,表示“说服”、“劝说”。常用句型有:persuade sb. to do sth./into doing sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 例如:
Tom tried to dissuade me from joining the book club.
Tom tried to persuade me out of joining the book club.
[para 6] On 29 January he left Australia. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. 第二天夜晚 — 这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚 — 海面上波涛汹涌,小船几乎被风浪掀翻。Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious. Chichester calmly got into bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm again. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
l Analyze the structure of the 1st sentence.
Here “the blackest he had ever known” is in apposition to “ The next night” .
l Can you tell us the subject and the predicate in the subordinate clause?
The subject is “the nearest person” while the predicate is “would be…”
l What can we infer from the whole sentence?
There are at least two points we can infer from this sentence:
1) He was totally isolated. Nobody could help him out.
2) Sailing on the sea is very difficult and dangerous.
1)turn over:
1) (cause to ) fall over; upset
The car turned over three times after the crash.
The nurse turned the patient over and gave him an injection.
2) give the control of sth. to sb.
She turned over the work to her assistant and had a talk with us.
3) think over
I turned the idea over (in my mind) for a week before replying.
2) can't help doing sth.: cannot avoid doing sth.
I couldn't help laughing when I saw his new haircut.
can't help doing sth. 和 cannot help but do sth. 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。can't help doing sth.意为“禁不住”、“情不自禁”,而cannot help but do sth. 则有“不得不做…”之意。例如:
She could not help crying when she heard the bad news.
I cannot help but be sorry.
3) contact:
vt. get in touch with
Do you often contact your former classmates?
n. state of touching or communication
After he entered the university, he came into contact with many new ideas.
I have been out of contact with her for several years.
The pilot tried to make contact with his base, but failed.
[para 7] After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London: “I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.”
l What’s the implied meaning of “Wild horses could not drag”?
This sentence is a common metaphor used to mean that nothing, no matter how strong, could make you do something.
1) waken :v. (cause to) wake from sleep
I shook him but he didn't waken.
Agnes would often waken at the slightest sound.
[para 8] Just before 9 o’clock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth had used almost 400 years earlier to knight Sir Francis Drake after he had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28,500 miles. It had taken him nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.
l Can “ which” be replaced by “ that” here? Why or why not?
No. Because this is a Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause (非限制性定语从句). According to the grammar, in this kind of clause, only the word “which” can be used. More Examples:
He may have a serious disease, in which case he will have to go to hospital.
It now has 20,000 hectares of land, more than two- thirds of which are under cultivation.
1) very: adj. same; identical (often used with the, this, that, my, his, etc. to emphasize a noun )
Everyone says Jim is the very man for the job.
就在那一刻我想到了一个好主意。---At that very moment a good idea came to me.
2) accomplish: vt. finish successfully; achieve (a purpose); carry out (a plan, etc.)
The committee has accomplished a revolutionary task.
Women can accomplish anything men can do.
Collocation:
accomplish a mission
accomplish a task
accomplish one’s goal / purpose
accomplish one’s plan
accomplish one’s promise
CF:
accomplish, complete & finish 这几个词都是动词,都有“完成”之意。
accomplish,指成功地做成了规定的工作、计划、任务等,侧重强调达到预期目的的整个过程。例如:
The explorers accomplished the voyage in three weeks.
complete指完成了一切必要的工作之后将工程、计划、理想、著作等全部结束,是比finish正式的用语。例如:
The building will be completed by the end of this month.
finish原指最后完成某一工作的意味,如画完一幅画的最后一笔、写完一首诗的最后一行等,现也指事情的圆满、成功结束。例如:
She had finished her housework when her husband came home.
[para 9] Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.
1)conquer: vt. defeat; win victory over; overcome
The Normans conquered England in the 11th century.
You must conquer your bad habit of smoking.
CF:
conquer, beat & defeat 这三个词都是动词,都有“打败”、“胜过”之意。
conquer指的是通过武力、斗争或坚强的意志把某事或某物、某人置于自己的控制之下。例如:
The Spanish conquered the New World in the 16th century.
beat强调对手被彻底打败,该词常用在正式场合,可用于描写任何比赛。例如:
Our army has never been beaten yet.
defeat是应用范围很广的普通用语。意指打败敌人、对手,也可指在选举中落选,希望、计划受挫等。例如:
They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.
2) undoubtedly: adv. certainly
Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.
English is undoubtedly one of the important courses in the university.
3) moreover: adv. also and more importantly (used to add information)
The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.
The price of the house is too high; moreover, it is situated far away from my school.
Useful Expressions
1. 开始 / 着手做某事set out to do… 2. 环球航行sail round the world 3. 让朋友们感到吃惊surprise one’s friends 4. 放弃做某事give up doing… 5. 领略做某事的乐趣enjoy doing … 6. 横渡大西洋航海比赛transatlantic sailing race 7. 周游世界go round the world 8. 决意实施某人的计划be determined to carry out one’s plan 9. 年满…岁at the age of … 10. 独自做某事do … all by oneself 11. 受到…的热烈欢迎receive a warm welcome from … 12. 在岸上on shore 13. 不顾…的多方劝阻做某事do …in spite of one’s attempt to dissuade (him) 14. 海面上波涛汹涌。The sea becomes rough. 15. 小船几乎被风浪掀翻。The boat almost turns over. 16. 大海又恢复了平静。The sea has become calm again. 17. 禁不住做某事can not help doing…
18. 给…发去电文
send the message to … 19. 从恶梦中醒来waken from a nightmare 20. 感到好像feel as if… 21. 凶险莫测的南大洋sinister Southern Ocean 22. 产生过并战胜了恐惧
experience and conquer fear 23. 依赖 depend on 24. 赋予…以新的自豪感give … new pride
VI. Summary of the Text
Sir Francis Chichester was a British adventurer. In 1931, he tried to fly round the world but failed. Years later he decided to sail round the world alone. His friends and doctors thought he couldn’t do it, because he had lung cancer. In 1966, at the age of nearly 65, he began to sail round the world by following the route of the 19 th century clipper ships. He arrived in Australia on Dec. 12, 1966. The Australians and his family, who had flown there, welcomed him. Everyone said he had done enough and he mustn’t go any further. But he didn’t listen. Two nights after he left Australia to resume his voyage, the sea became rough and the boat almost turned over, but the damage to the boat wasn’t too serious. He returned to England on May 28, 1967. He had covered 28,500 miles in 9 months by sailing round the world alone in a small boat.
大学英语精读
第三版(上海外语教育出版社 董亚芬主编) 第一册 Book1 Unit2 课文分析
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