加载中…屠呦呦获奖感言及Lasker评语
(2011-09-26 13:41:17)
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杂谈中国 |
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-i9r5878HK8A/ToCX_QyV6wI/AAAAAAAABd0/Npw7qV_Xjyo/s512/Picture%25201.png
Tu Youyou won 2011 Lasker-Debakey's Clinical Medical Research Award
Acceptance remarks by Tu Youyou
Tu Youyou won 2011 Lasker-Debakey's Clinical Medical Research Award
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011_c_accept_youyou.htm
Dear respected Chairman, President and Jury Members of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, Dear respected Nobel Laureates and my fellow Lasker Laureates, Dear respected President of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am extremely honored to be selected as a winner of this year's Lasker~DeBakery Clinical Medical Research Award — one of the most esteemed awards in the biomedical sciences. I express my wholehearted thanks to the jury members for the recognition of my contributions to the discovery of Qinghaosu (artemisinin) for malaria treatment.
In my childhood, I witnessed occasions when patients were rescued by folk Chinese medicine recipes. However, neither did I dream then of such a close linkage of my whole life to researching those miraculous herbs nor could I imagine then that today I would experience such an overwhelming moment when my research has been highly praised by the international scientific community. I started research on herbal medicines in 1955. My curiosity about herbs turned into a strong motivation after college training, and more importantly through years of invaluable experience in the Institute of Materia Medica, in particular during two and half years full time training on traditional Chinese medicine arranged by the institute. Equipped with a sound knowledge in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical sciences, my team inherited and developed the essence of traditional Chinese medicine using modern science and technology and eventually, we successfully accomplished the discovery and development of Qinghaosu from Qinghao (Artemisia annua L).
Whereas the finding of quinine was largely attributed to the historical use of Cinchona Ledgeriana in Peru, the discovery of Qinghaosu is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. From the traditional Chinese medicinal literature I was inspired with new ideas at the most challenging moment during the research process. Traditional Chinese medicine has served people in China and other Asian countries for many centuries. Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will, without doubt, bring more medicines to the world. I advocate a global collaboration in the research of Chinese and other traditional medicines in order to maximize their benefits to the healthcare of the human beings.
The discovery of Qinghaosu is a small step in the human endeavor towards conquering diseases. I feel greatly encouraged and rewarded by WHO's recommendation on the use of Qinghaosu based Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) as the frontline remedy against malaria. For this, I would also like to express my great appreciation and thanks to my Chinese colleagues who made significant contributions to the discovery and clinical application of Qinghaosu.
Dear respected Chairman, President and Jury Members of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, Dear respected Nobel Laureates and my fellow Lasker Laureates, Dear respected President of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am extremely honored to be selected as a winner of this year's Lasker~DeBakery Clinical Medical Research Award — one of the most esteemed awards in the biomedical sciences. I express my wholehearted thanks to the jury members for the recognition of my contributions to the discovery of Qinghaosu (artemisinin) for malaria treatment.
In my childhood, I witnessed occasions when patients were rescued by folk Chinese medicine recipes. However, neither did I dream then of such a close linkage of my whole life to researching those miraculous herbs nor could I imagine then that today I would experience such an overwhelming moment when my research has been highly praised by the international scientific community. I started research on herbal medicines in 1955. My curiosity about herbs turned into a strong motivation after college training, and more importantly through years of invaluable experience in the Institute of Materia Medica, in particular during two and half years full time training on traditional Chinese medicine arranged by the institute. Equipped with a sound knowledge in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical sciences, my team inherited and developed the essence of traditional Chinese medicine using modern science and technology and eventually, we successfully accomplished the discovery and development of Qinghaosu from Qinghao (Artemisia annua L).
Whereas the finding of quinine was largely attributed to the historical use of Cinchona Ledgeriana in Peru, the discovery of Qinghaosu is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. From the traditional Chinese medicinal literature I was inspired with new ideas at the most challenging moment during the research process. Traditional Chinese medicine has served people in China and other Asian countries for many centuries. Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will, without doubt, bring more medicines to the world. I advocate a global collaboration in the research of Chinese and other traditional medicines in order to maximize their benefits to the healthcare of the human beings.
The discovery of Qinghaosu is a small step in the human endeavor towards conquering diseases. I feel greatly encouraged and rewarded by WHO's recommendation on the use of Qinghaosu based Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) as the frontline remedy against malaria. For this, I would also like to express my great appreciation and thanks to my Chinese colleagues who made significant contributions to the discovery and clinical application of Qinghaosu.
Lasker~DeBakey
Clinical Medical Research Award
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011_c_presentation.htm
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/images/shapiro.jpgNot often in the history of clinical medicine can we celebrate a discovery that has eased the pain and distress of hundreds of millions of people and saved the lives of countless numbers of people, particularly children, in over 100 countries. The discovery, chemical identification, and validation of artemisinin, a highly effective anti-malarial drug, is largely due to the scientific insight, vision and dogged determination of Professor Tu Youyou and her team at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica in Beijing. The statistics on malarial infections are horrendous. Professor Tu's work has provided the world with arguably the most important pharmaceutical intervention in the last half century.
The story behind Professor Tu's work that led to the discovery of artemisinin, could easily be the stuff of a novel set during Chairman Mao's cultural revolution. In the late 1960s, a secret military project in China, Project 523 (for May 23), was established by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou to develop new anti- malarial therapies for the mosquito-borne infection that was devastating civilian and military populations. At that time, most malarial infections had become resistant to chloroquine, the most commonly used drug. In the Vietnam War, the number of soldiers who died of drug-resistant malaria was much higher than that from casualties in both combating sides. The mandate of Project 523 was to screen traditional Chinese herbal medicines with a goal of compound identification, chemical validation, and demonstration of effectiveness in malaria patients. Project 523 was a competitive effort launched with approximately 50 institutes across China involved in the endeavor.
In early 1969, Professor Tu was appointed head of the Project 523 research group in her institute, where traditional medicine was practiced side by side with modern chemists, pharmacologists and other scientists. Tu's team collected and tested over 2000 folk remedies, ultimately focusing their efforts on 380 extracts from 200 herbs and testing their effectiveness in clearing the malarial parasite from the bloodstream of infected mice. Although promising, one of the herbs, culled from the sweet wormwood tree, yielded variable results. However, as early as 340 AD, a Chinese physician, Ge Hong, recommended, in a medical archive entitled "Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve," that an extract of a similar herb was useful for the treatment of "intermittent fevers." Most Chinese herbal medicines are prepared as a heated tea, but hiding up Ge Hong's sleeve was the observation that to be effective, his herb for "intermittent fevers" should not be heated. Acting on this ancient observation, Tu carried out cold ether extraction of the herb, removed an acidic portion of the extracted material, and obtained a compound with high anti-malarial potency and low toxicity. Human trials in a small number of cases showed that the extract, artemisinin, was non-toxic and more effective than chloroquine.
In 1977, Tu and her team obtained crystalline artemisinin that was 100% effective against the malarial pathogen. In collaboration with scientists in Shanghai, she identified the structure of the compound, which turned out to be completely different from any known anti-malarial drug. Tu then went on to develop an artemisinin derivative, dihydroartemisinin, that proved to be ten times more potent. Many scientists from other institutes across China joined efforts to improve the extraction procedure and conduct extensive clinical trials. Up to 1979, nothing from Project 523 was published because it was a secret Chinese military project. Then, in December 1979, the first English language report was published, but as was the custom in China at that time, the authors were anonymous. In October 1981, Professor Tu, invited to present her work at a meeting sponsored by the World Health Organization, faced an enthusiastic international audience. The first high profile trial of artemisinin was published in 1982 as a collaborative effort of Keith Arnold from the Roche Far East Research Foundation and Guoqiao Li from the Guangzhou College of Traditional Medicine.
As is commonly found with any new drug, the target pathogen eventually develops resistance mechanisms. To help protect artemisinin, it is now delivered as a combination therapy with a second drug. Artemisinin-based combination therapies became available in the late 1990s and are in widespread use. In 2001, the WHO signed an agreement with Novartis, the manufacturer of one of these drug combinations and Novartis is supplying the drug at no cost to public health systems where the disease is endemic.
To this day, the commercial source of artemisinin is still extracts from the sweet wormwood tree, first referred to in 340 AD and first made into a powerful, rapidly-acting, non-toxic anti-malarial drug by Professor Tu Youyou — a remarkable drug that is now saving lives throughout the world. Artemisinin was found to clear malarial parasites from our bodies faster than any other drug in the history of this disease. To quote Barry Bloom, the Chair of the Technical Expert group on Affordable Medicines of the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, artemisinin is "the only drug ever to take moribund individuals with cerebral malaria and bring them back to life."
Professor Tu is to be celebrated for her extraordinary recognition of the potential of the Chinese herbal medicine, artemisinin for the treatment of malaria, her elegant isolation and characterization of this complex molecule, and for shepherding this drug into a highly effective treatment that is in use throughout the world.
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/images/shapiro.jpgNot often in the history of clinical medicine can we celebrate a discovery that has eased the pain and distress of hundreds of millions of people and saved the lives of countless numbers of people, particularly children, in over 100 countries. The discovery, chemical identification, and validation of artemisinin, a highly effective anti-malarial drug, is largely due to the scientific insight, vision and dogged determination of Professor Tu Youyou and her team at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica in Beijing. The statistics on malarial infections are horrendous. Professor Tu's work has provided the world with arguably the most important pharmaceutical intervention in the last half century.
The story behind Professor Tu's work that led to the discovery of artemisinin, could easily be the stuff of a novel set during Chairman Mao's cultural revolution. In the late 1960s, a secret military project in China, Project 523 (for May 23), was established by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou to develop new anti- malarial therapies for the mosquito-borne infection that was devastating civilian and military populations. At that time, most malarial infections had become resistant to chloroquine, the most commonly used drug. In the Vietnam War, the number of soldiers who died of drug-resistant malaria was much higher than that from casualties in both combating sides. The mandate of Project 523 was to screen traditional Chinese herbal medicines with a goal of compound identification, chemical validation, and demonstration of effectiveness in malaria patients. Project 523 was a competitive effort launched with approximately 50 institutes across China involved in the endeavor.
In early 1969, Professor Tu was appointed head of the Project 523 research group in her institute, where traditional medicine was practiced side by side with modern chemists, pharmacologists and other scientists. Tu's team collected and tested over 2000 folk remedies, ultimately focusing their efforts on 380 extracts from 200 herbs and testing their effectiveness in clearing the malarial parasite from the bloodstream of infected mice. Although promising, one of the herbs, culled from the sweet wormwood tree, yielded variable results. However, as early as 340 AD, a Chinese physician, Ge Hong, recommended, in a medical archive entitled "Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve," that an extract of a similar herb was useful for the treatment of "intermittent fevers." Most Chinese herbal medicines are prepared as a heated tea, but hiding up Ge Hong's sleeve was the observation that to be effective, his herb for "intermittent fevers" should not be heated. Acting on this ancient observation, Tu carried out cold ether extraction of the herb, removed an acidic portion of the extracted material, and obtained a compound with high anti-malarial potency and low toxicity. Human trials in a small number of cases showed that the extract, artemisinin, was non-toxic and more effective than chloroquine.
In 1977, Tu and her team obtained crystalline artemisinin that was 100% effective against the malarial pathogen. In collaboration with scientists in Shanghai, she identified the structure of the compound, which turned out to be completely different from any known anti-malarial drug. Tu then went on to develop an artemisinin derivative, dihydroartemisinin, that proved to be ten times more potent. Many scientists from other institutes across China joined efforts to improve the extraction procedure and conduct extensive clinical trials. Up to 1979, nothing from Project 523 was published because it was a secret Chinese military project. Then, in December 1979, the first English language report was published, but as was the custom in China at that time, the authors were anonymous. In October 1981, Professor Tu, invited to present her work at a meeting sponsored by the World Health Organization, faced an enthusiastic international audience. The first high profile trial of artemisinin was published in 1982 as a collaborative effort of Keith Arnold from the Roche Far East Research Foundation and Guoqiao Li from the Guangzhou College of Traditional Medicine.
As is commonly found with any new drug, the target pathogen eventually develops resistance mechanisms. To help protect artemisinin, it is now delivered as a combination therapy with a second drug. Artemisinin-based combination therapies became available in the late 1990s and are in widespread use. In 2001, the WHO signed an agreement with Novartis, the manufacturer of one of these drug combinations and Novartis is supplying the drug at no cost to public health systems where the disease is endemic.
To this day, the commercial source of artemisinin is still extracts from the sweet wormwood tree, first referred to in 340 AD and first made into a powerful, rapidly-acting, non-toxic anti-malarial drug by Professor Tu Youyou — a remarkable drug that is now saving lives throughout the world. Artemisinin was found to clear malarial parasites from our bodies faster than any other drug in the history of this disease. To quote Barry Bloom, the Chair of the Technical Expert group on Affordable Medicines of the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, artemisinin is "the only drug ever to take moribund individuals with cerebral malaria and bring them back to life."
Professor Tu is to be celebrated for her extraordinary recognition of the potential of the Chinese herbal medicine, artemisinin for the treatment of malaria, her elegant isolation and characterization of this complex molecule, and for shepherding this drug into a highly effective treatment that is in use throughout the world.
Lasker~DeBakey
Clinical Medical Research Award
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011_c_jury.htm
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/images/2011jury.jpg
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/images/2011jury.jpg
| Seated, left to right J. Michael Bishop University of California, San Francisco Paul Nurse The Royal Society Lucy Shapiro Stanford University Joseph Goldstein Chairman of the Jury University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Cornelia Bargmann The Rockefeller University Donald Ganem Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Diane Mathis Harvard University Middle Row, left to right Huda Zoghbi Baylor College of Medicine Richard Lifton Yale University Charles Sawyers Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Titia de Lange The Rockefeller University Robert Horvitz Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Eric Kandel Columbia University Michael Brown University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Martin Raff University College London Günter Blobel The Rockefeller University Third Row, left to right Marc Tessier-Lavigne The Rockefeller University Jeremy Nathans Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Jack Dixon Howard Hughes Medical Institute Phillip Sharp Massachusetts Institute of Technology Stanley Cohen Stanford University Craig Thompson Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Stuart Kornfeld Washington University Gregory Petsko Brandeis University |
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