三．wish后的宾语从句有三种虚拟形式

1.从句谓语动词用一般过去时,表示与主句的谓语动词同时发生,并与现在事实相反的愿望。如:

1) I wish I were/was you.

     2) He wishes he knew how to answer the question .

   2.从句谓语动词用过去完成时,表示从句动作发生在主句谓语之前,并与过去事实相反的愿望。如:

    1) I wish I had gone to the party the day before yesterday.

    2) I do wish he had been here yesterday.

   3.从句谓语动词用would 动词原形时,表示从句动作发生在主句谓语动词之后,并与将来事实可能相反的愿望。如：

    1) She wishes she would fly to the moon in the future.

    2) I wish she would forever stay with me.

    注1：动词hope表示一种真实的愿望,从句不用虚拟式,试比较:

      （1）I hope it is true.

      （2）I wish it were true.

注2：在It is wished that的主语从句中，以及wish作名词所引导的表语或同位语从句中也要用虚拟形式，形式同上。

注3：If only所引导的感叹句，也要用虚拟语气，其意义相当于“How I wish 宾语从句”。该结构中的动词形式也与wish的宾语从句动词形式相同。如：

(1)    If only he could come.

(2)    If only you hadn’t offended him.

四．虚拟语气在would/had …等结构中的应用

    would/had rather, would just as soon, would sooner等结构中通常表示“希望”或“委婉的责备”，that从句的谓语动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况；用过去完成式表示过去的情况。如：

   1.I would rather you didn’t go.

   2.I’d just as soon you waited here.

   3.I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

注: would prefer that从句的谓语动词肯定用不带to的不定式，否定用didn’t 不定式较为稳妥。如：

1.     Would you prefer that she act the young lady.

2.     I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.

五．虚拟语气在It is (about/high) time that…中的应用

1. “It is time (high time, about time) that...”是固定句型,意为“该是……的时候了”,该句型后从句的谓语动词要用过去式, 但意指将来。如:

     1) It is about time he found himself a wife and settled down.

        该是他找个妻子,安个家的时候了。

     2) “It's high time the doctor got a move on,” thought one of them.

     3) Look at the clock! It's time we went.

    2. “It is the first (second) time that (when)...”也是固定句型。但该句型

      从句的谓语动词要用现在完成时。如;

     1) It( This/That) is the first time (that, when) I have felt really excited

        for months.

     2) This is the third time you've been late, isn't?

六．虚拟语气在as if/though引起的从句中的应用

as if (though)表示”好象……”,引起虚拟比较状语从句或方式状语从句时,动词形式与wish后的宾语从句谓语动词相同。即有以下三种形式。

    1.从句谓语动词用一般过去时,表示与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：

     1) Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as

        if they didn't exist.

     2) She loves the child as if he were/was her own.

     3) He talks as if/though he knew all about it.

    2．从句谓语动词用过去完成时,表示从句谓语动词动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。如: 

     1) I remember the story as if I had just read it.

        我记得这个故事,就好象刚刚读过一样。

     2) She looks as if she had known nothing about it before.

     3) It looks as if/though he hadn't heard of anything about our decision.

        似乎他对我们的决定还是一无所知。

    3．从句谓语动词用would 动词原形,意指从句谓语表示的动作可能发生在未来。如:

1)     The young man looked very worried, as if something would happen to him.

2)     It seems as if/though the night would never end.

注:as if (though) 从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时,表示动作正在进行。如:       

Crusoe heard a noise from the cave as if someone were/was breathing there.

七．虚拟语气在for fear that等从句中的应用

在for fear that,lest, in case引起的状语从句中，表示“以免，以防”的意思，其形式为should 动词原形，should不可省略。如：

1.     He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.

2.     She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.

3.     She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident the

day before.

注：以上各状语从句中，可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气形式。如：

Take your umbrella in case it rains.

八．虚拟语气的其它应用

1．  表示委婉，客气。如：

1)     Could you tell me where to get off.

2)     Would you mind my smoking here?

3)     It might be a good idea to stay at home.

4)     You should be glad to hear that.

 注：If引导的条件状语从句，主从句谓语动词均用would 不定式,或仅用从句，表示客气的请求及婉转的愿望。如：

1)     If he would only come, his friends would welcome him.

2)     I would be very greatful if you would iron out my shirt.

2. 表示惊奇。如：

           Why should you have acted that way?

3. 表示祝愿。如：

           May you live a long and happy life.( May加不定式 )

4.     表示设想。

If引导的条件状语从句及以whether引导的让步状语从句，谓语动词有时可用不定式表示一种设想。如：

1)     If the temperature of metals be increased, they will tend to expand.

2)     Whether he like it or not, he will have to go.