英语中的反意疑问句 (Tag Question)

   在陈述句后面附加一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问，这种句子叫做反意疑问句，也称为附加疑问句，是一种常用的疑问形式。常用于征求对方的意见和看法，要求对方对自己的话语表示肯定或否定的回答。反意疑问句也可以表示问者的倾向，强调或反问。要注意的是要保持人称，时态和数的一致而且附加疑问部分通常用代词，而不用同陈述部分相应的名词。

一．附加疑问部分谓语是have(has/had),表示‘‘所有’’ 含义时，陈述部分如是肯定式，附加疑问部分谓语用‘‘haven’t(hasn’t/hadn’t)…?  ’’或‘‘don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)…? ’’; 陈述部分如是否定式，‘‘haven’t(hasn’t/hadn’t)…’’时，附加疑问谓语只用‘‘have(has/had)…?  ’’;

陈述部分如是否定式，‘‘don’t have(doesn’t  have/didn’t have)…’’时，附加疑问部分谓语只用‘‘do(does/did)…?  ’’。如：

1.He has a new TV set,hasn’t /doesn’t he ?

2.You haven’t a lot of time to spare, have you?

3.He had a story-book yesterday,hadn’t/didn’t he?

4.She didn’t have any money in her pocket, did she?

5.You don’t have any money in your pocket,do you?

注1:陈述部分谓语如带有助动词，附加疑问谓语也用相应的助动词，所以上面最后两句附加疑问部分谓语用助动词did/do,而不能用动词had/have。

注2:陈述部分的谓语动词‘‘have(has/had)’’不表示‘‘所有’’ 含义，而又不是助动词，附加疑问部分谓语只用‘‘do(does/did)…?’’。 如：  

1.Kate has to work harder from now on,doesn’t she?   

2.She often has headaches,doesn’t she?

3.You had a good time last night,didn’t you?

二．陈述部分为祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用 will you，但有时用won’t you表示‘‘ 邀请’’之意,这种情况的附加疑问部分也用why don’t you构成。也有时用would you,can you,can’t you来表示‘‘告诉某人该做某事，请求某人该做某事，提醒某人该做某事’’。 如：

1.     Please keep calm, will you?

2.     Do as you were told , will you?

3.     Be quiet,would you?（表示请求）

4.     Give me a hand,can/can’t you? （表示请求）

5.     Sit down,won’t you? （表示邀请）

6.     Have some milk,won’t? （表示邀请）

7.     Take a break, why don’t you? （表示邀请）

注1：此种情况在水平测试中，一般以will you为准。特别是在否定形式中，只能用will you。如：

1.Don't forqet to get up early ,will you ?

2.Don’t do that,will you?

注2: 祈使句以let开头时，附加疑问部分应特别注意。Let’s所建议的活动指说话者与听话者双方的行为，Let’s…意思即shall we …,附加疑问部分是shall we意思的重复;而Let us /Let me向听话者一方提出请求，是请你让我们/我做某事之意。Let us…意即may we…或will you let us…，附加疑问部分用may we或will you来表示重复。Let me…意即may I…或will you let me…，附加疑问部分用may I或will you来表示重复。   如：

1.     It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing,shall we?

2.     Come on Mary, let’s dance,shall we?

3.     Let us go to the cinema this afternoon, may we/will you ?

4.     Let me say I’ll think it over,may I/will you?

三．陈述部分带有否定或半否定的副词或代词，如：none,scarecely,neither,no one,few,seldom,never,hardly,rarely,little,nowhere,nothing或nobody等，附加疑问部分谓语用动词用肯定形式。如：

1． She never tells a lie ， does she ?

2．Few people went to meet him yesterday,did they?

3.She seldom goes to work late,does she?

5.     Nothing was said,was it?

6.     Tom hardly did his homework,did he?

7.     He had no time for reading,did he?

注：带有否定意义的形容词，如：unfair,invisible,undrinkable,unfit,useless,impolite,hopeless等，不属于带有否定或半否定的副词或代词，故后面的附加疑问部分要用否定形式。如：

1.That's unfair ,isn't it  ?

    2.They are unhappy,aren’t they?

3.The king is unfit for his office,isn’t he?

4.The water in the area is undrinkable,isn’t it?

四．陈述部分如果是主从复合句时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据主句的谓语动词而定; 陈述部分如果是并列复合句时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据后句的谓语动词而定。如：

1.It is not colder than it was yesterday ，is it ?

2.He told her Mrs. Smith wasn’t going to the meeting, didn’t he?

3. You were in the farm when I saw you last night, weren’t you?

4.He says that I did it, doesn’t he?

5.John isn’t a diligent student, for it is the third time he has been late,is he?

6.It is the second time that Mary has been to China,isn’t it?

7.Time is up and let’s begin our meeting, shall we?

注：think,suppose,expect,feel,hear,guess,imagine,be sure或believe引导的宾语从句，主句中主语是第一人称时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据从句的谓语动词而定。如：

1．I don't think there is much tea in the cup , is there  ?

2.I suppose that he is serious,isn’t he?

3.I don’t feel he can do it any longer,can he?

4.I am not sure you will help him,will you?

5.I believe he has come, hasn’t he?

五．陈述部分主语是合成不定代词everybody,everyone,someone,somebody,nobody等时，附加疑问部分中的主语常用they,有时也用he;陈述部分主语是合成不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等时，附加疑问部分中的主语常用it。如：

1.Everybody has arrived , hasn't he  ?

2.Nobody phoned while I was out, did he?

3.Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday,didn’t he?

4.Everyone knows how to do it,don’t they?

5.Everybody is here today,aren’t they?

6.Everthing is ready ,isn't it  ?

7.Nothing will make him give in,will it?

六．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有助动词had better, would  rather,would like时，附加疑问部分要重复助动词had 或would。 如：

1．  She’d  like to go there by plane,wouldn’t she?

2．  You’d better stop at the next place we see, hadn’t you?

3．  You’d rather not do it,would you?

七．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有I wish时，附加疑问部分谓语动词要用may I，而且一般都用肯定式。如：

1．I wish go home now ， may I  ?

2．I wish to shake hands with you,may I?

八．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有情态动词表示‘推测意义时，附加疑问部分根据陈述部分中后面的不定式结构而定。如：

1． He must be very tired ，isn't he  ?=I am sure he is tired,isn’t he?

2.Your parents must be in the kitchen,aren’t they?=I am sure your parents are in the kitchen, aren’t they?

3.You must have seen the movie last month ,didn’t you?=I am sure you saw the film last night,didn’t you?

4.He must have waited here for several days,hasn’t he?=I am sure he has waited here for several days,hasn’t he?

5.He must be in the workshop,isn’t he?=I am sure he is in the work shop,isn’t he?

6.Li Ming can’t be in the classroom,is he?=I am not sure Li Ming is in the classroom,is he?

7.He can’t have gone to see a film last night,did he?=I am not sure he went to see a film last night,did he?

8.You should have come earlier,didn’t you?=I am sure you came earlier,didn’t you?

注：当陈述部分的谓语动词不表示推测意义时，附加疑问部分用情态动词加主语。如：

1.     We must go soon,mustn’t we?

2.     You shouldn’t go there ,should you?

3.     You must study hard next term,mustn’t you?

4.     He can’t ride a bike , can he?

九．掌握感叹句的构成。首先应把感叹句的主语和谓语补全，再构成附加疑问部分的主语和谓语。如：

1.What beautiful weather today（it is） ，isn't it  ?        

2.What funny persons(they are),aren’t they?

3.What a beautiful girl(she is),isn’t she?

4.A lovely day(it is),isn’t it?

十．掌握need与dare所在句子反意疑问句的构成原则。need和dare既可作情态动词，也可作行为动词，在构成附加疑问部分的主语和谓语时，须加以区别。need和dare作情态动词时，附加疑问部分仍然用need和dare；need和dare作行为动词时，附加疑问部分用do,does,did形式。如：

    1.Arthur daren't call you a fool , dare he ?

    2.You needn’t hand in your paper,need you?

3.My sister often needs help with her study,doesn’t she?

4.The boy doesn’t dare to climb that mountain,does he?

5. You need to come earlier,don’t you?

十一. 陈述部分是由情态动词加秃头不定式作谓语动词，附加疑问部分与前面保持一致。如：

1.He shouldn’t smoke so much,should he?

2.They ought to have gone earlier ,oughtn't they?

3.She ought not to do that again,ought she?