BookⅢ  Units 8-9  Subjunctive Mood

          虚拟语气学案     李亚平

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用

时态	条件状语从句	主句
现在
过去
将来

1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____much easier.

  A. will be     B. would have been   C. could have been     D. would be

2. I didn’t see your sister at the   meeting. If she  __________, she would have met my brother.

  A. has come      B. did come       C. came           D. had come

※if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有______,_________或_________时，如果将if省略，则要将______,_________或_________放到主语前，_____倒装。

3. ____I you, I______more  attention  to English idioms and phrases.    

A. Was； shall pay   B. Am； will pay   C. Would be； would pay    D. Were； would pay

4. ______he  come, the problem would be settled. 

A. Would     B. Should     C. Shall     D. If

5. What would have happened,  ＿＿as far as the river bank? 

A. if Bob has walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther  D. if Bob walked farther

※ 错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用各自不同的谓语动词形式.

6. You didn’t let me drive. If  we＿in turn, you＿ so tired.

A. drove; didn't get            B. drove; wouldn't get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get    D. had driven； wouldn’t have got

7．If you had made good preparations before, you____  about the coming examination now. 

A．would not be worried   B．would not have worried 

C．should not be worried    D．could not have been worried

※ 虚实错综的句子  在同一个句子中，既有虚拟语气，又有陈述语气。

常用句型：虚拟主句+ but/unfortunately + 事实

8. — What happened to the young trees we planted?

— The trees＿well, but I didn’t water them.

A. might grow   B. needn’t have grown

C. would grow   D. would have grown

9. ---Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?”   

  --- I would have, but I＿＿so busy then.” 

A. had been    B. were    C. was    D. would be

※ 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语或副词来表示。如：but for/but that, with/without, or/otherwise, in case of,under more favourable conditions，this way等。

10. — Where ＿＿?

   — I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I ＿＿here earlier.

A. did you go; had arrived    B. are you; would come

C. were you; would come     D. have you been； would have been

11. I lost your address, otherwise I＿you long before.

A. had visited   B. have visited  C. would have visited   D. should visit

12. ＿the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of   B. In spite of   C. In  case of    D. But for

13. Without electricity human life＿＿quite different today.

A. is  B. will be  C. would have been   D. would be

14. Without your help, I ＿the exam last term.

A. failed in B. would have failed  C. wouldn’t pass  D. would fail

二、wish“但愿”后的宾语从句中、

as if/as though“好像”后的方式状语从句或表语从句中

even if即使/纵然后面的让步状语从句中

时间	虚拟
现在
过去
将来

17. I wish you＿＿＿＿＿＿go with me tomorrow.   

A. will          B. would    C. shall       D. can

19. If only I＿how to operate a computer as you do!

A. had known  B. would know   C. should know  D. knew

20. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if ＿.

   A. breaks    B. has broken   C. were broken    D. had been broken

21. He had an expression of resentment, as if Martin＿a fool of him

A. had made  B. makes  C. made  D. would make

三、在 it is （high/about）time （that） 之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用_____或___________，should ____省略来表示虚拟语气。

22. It’s high time we＿＿ to the theater.  

A. will    B. shall   C. are going to    D. went

四、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer“宁愿，倒希望”所引起的从句中要求用________表示当时或将来的情况，用________表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。

23. I’d rather you ___ anything  about it for the time being.

   A. do       B. didn’t do      C. don’t     D. didn’t    

五、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

I、It is important/vital/ crucial

necessary/essential/imperative                     + that +

      possible/probable/impossible                       主语从句

      natural/strange/surprising/astonishing/incredible 

      a pity/a shame/our wish/no wonder/better

以上这些主语从句中，要用________。

24. It’s strange that they＿nothing about this matter. 

A. know      B. would know    C. knows    D. knew

25.It is important that we _____ wild animals.

   A.will protect     B. should protect      C. shall protect     D. are protecting

II、两个坚持：________（“坚决要求/坚决主张”），urge(“极力主张/强烈要求”)

两个命令: ______, command

四条建议: suggest（建议）, advise , propose , recommend ；

四项要求: demand , desire , require, request等动词后的宾语从句中，要用_________

26. The general ordered that the thief＿

A. be punished  B. would punish  C. would be punished  D. should punish

27. The chairman requested that ＿＿＿＿＿.

A. the members studied the problem  more carefully

B. the problems were more carefully studied 

C. the problems could be studied with more care 

D. the members study the problem more carefully

28. He suggests we＿to the cinema at once, otherwise we will be late.

A .must go  B. go  C. will go    D. would go

※  suggest,不表示"建议"，而表示"________"； insist不表示“坚决主张，坚决要求 表示“________”时，其后的宾语从句要用陈述语气。

29. There was a half smile on his face which suggested that he＿＿happy to have given his life for his country.    

A. was    B. should be    C. would be   D. were

30. The young man insisted that he＿nothing wrong and＿free.    

A. did； set         B. had done； should be set 

C. do； be set       D. had done； must be set

Ⅲ、insistance/urge; order/command; suggestion/advice/ proposal/recommendation/ motion; demand/desire/requirement/request; decision/plan/idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，要用_________.

31. We all agreed to her suggestion that we＿to the Great Wall for sightseeing.    

A. will go    B. go    C. shall go    D. should have gone

六、情态动词 + have done,意为“本…”表示虚拟

I. could have done表示过去可能完成而却未完成的动作，意为“本来能够，本来可以”

Ⅱ. might have done表示可能性和实际情况相反，含有责备、抱怨之意，意为“本来可以”

Ⅲ. should/ought to have done 本应该本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。意为“本应该”

Ⅳ. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示本不该做某事而事实上做了"。意 为“本不应该”

V. needn’t have done “本不必”。表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

32. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without  a word.   

A. mustn’t  leave      B. shouldn’t have left 

C. couldn’t have left    D. needn’t leave

33. Oh, Janna, you’ve broken another glass. You ought ＿＿when you washed it.     

A. be careful  B. to care   C. have cared   D. to have been careful

34. The train was ten minutes late ,so I ____ have run all the way from my house to the station.

A．couldn’t    B．shouldn’t    C．needn’t D．mustn’t

35. Under more favorable conditions, we _____ better.　

A. need have done     B. should do　C. could have done    D. might be doing

七、had + planned/intended/meant；/hoped/wished/expected；/wanted + to do

    planned/intended/meant；/hoped/wished/expected ；/wanted + to have done

    表示“原本希望、打算、想要做某事”

would like to have done “原本想要做某事”

was/were to have done  表示“本打算、本计划、本应当” 做的事而没有做成或没有发生。

36. I＿＿＿you a beautiful present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time.    

A. would  buy    B. had bought 

C. would like to have bought D. must have bought　

 

虚拟语气练习题精选

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish    B. would be finished   C. be finished  D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for           B. leave; to           C. left; to         D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been           B. has been                  C. was                  D. has gone

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____

A. can; it                 B. /;  /                     C. would; it           D. may;  /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to           B. that; be        C. which; should be           D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent      B. should send         C. be sent      D. must be sent

8. I ＿ Professor Jones had taught me this question.

A. believe   B. deeply think   C. wish       D. suppose

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are              B. were              C. would be         D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

   A. Will there be  B. Should there be  C. There will be    D. There should be

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

   A. Would he leave          B. Was he leaving   C. Were he to leave      D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

   A. would be saved      B. would have been saved      C. will be saved       D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

   A. would              B. should have              C. may                D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

   A. I am                 B. I would be         C. I was                      D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

   A. would lend     B. would have lent  C. could lend  D. may have lent

16. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”      --- “No, but I wish I _____”

   A. have                    B. will                    C. do                    D. had

17. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

    A. I may have failed   B. I’d fail   C. I’d have failed  D. I’ll have failed

18. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

     --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

    A. I’m deciding             B. I’ll decide       C. I decided      D. I decide

19. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow             B. would snow         C. snow        D. will snow

20. If only I _____ my watch!

    A. hadn’t lost        B. haven’t lost      C. didn’t lost      D. don’t lose

21. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

 A. may not make     B. might not make  C. shouldn’t have made     D. might not have made