《芥子园画谱》之《兰谱》

分类: 中国画 |
鹿柴氏曰:论画或尚繁,或尚简,繁非也,简亦非也,或谓之易,或谓之难,难非也,易亦非也,或贵有法,或贵无法,无法非也,终于有法更非也。唯先矩度森严,而后超神尽变,有法之极归于无法,如顾长康之丹粉洒落,应手而生绮草,韩斡之乘黄独擅,请画而来神明,则有法可,无法亦可,唯先埋笔成塚,研铁如泥,十日一水,五日一石,而后嘉陵山水。李思训屡月始成,吴道元一夕断手,则曰难可,曰易亦可,惟胸贮五岳,目无全牛,读万卷书,行万里路,驰突董巨之藩篱,直跻顾郑之堂奥,若倪云林之师右丞,山飞泉立,而为水净林空,若郭恕先之纸鸢放线,一扫数丈,而为台阁牛毛蚕丝,则繁亦可,简亦未始不可,然欲无法必先有法,欲易先难,欲练笔简净必入手繁缛,六法,六要。六长,三病,十二忌,盖可忽乎哉!
六法
南齐谢赫曰气运生动,曰骨法用笔,曰应物写形,曰随类写彩,曰经营位置,曰传摸移写,骨法以下五端可学而成,气运必在生知。
六要六长
宋刘道醇曰,气韵兼力一要也,格制俱老二要也,变异合理三要也,彩绘有泽四要也,去来自然五要也,师学舍短六要也。
粗卤求笔,一长也,僻涩求才,二长也,细巧求力,三长也,狂怪求理,四长也,无墨求染,五长也,平画求长,六长也。
三病
宋郭若虚曰:三病,皆系用笔。一曰板,板者,腕弱笔痴,全亏取与,物状平褊,不能圆浑。二曰刻,刻者,运笔中疑,心手相戾,勾画之际,妄生圭角。三曰结,结者,欲行不行,当散不散,似物凝碍,不能流畅。
十二忌
元饶自然曰:一忌布置拍密;二忌远近不分;三忌山无气脉;四忌水无源流;五忌境无夷险;六忌路无出入;七忌石只一面;八忌树少四枝;九忌人物伛偻;十忌楼阁错杂;十一忌滃淡失宜;十二忌点染无法。
青在堂画梅浅说
画法源流
[简体]:唐人以写花卉名者多矣。尚未有专以写梅称者,于锡有雪梅野稚图。乃用于翎毛上梁广作四季花图。而梅又杂于海棠荷菊间。李约始称善画梅。其名亦不大着。至五代滕昌右徐熙画梅皆钩勒着色徐崇嗣独出已意。不用描写。以丹粉点染。为没骨画。陈常变其法。以飞白写梗,用色点花。崔白专用水墨。李正臣不作桃李浮艳。壹意写梅。深得水边林下之致。故独擅专长。释仲仁以墨渍作梅释惠洪又用皂子胶。写于生绡扇上。照之俨然梅影。后人因之盛作墨梅。米元章晁补之。汤叔雅。萧鹏专。张德琪。俱专工写墨独杨补之不用墨渍。创以圈法。铁梢丁橛。清淡腾于传粉。嗣之者。徐禹功。赵子固。王元章。吴仲圭汤仲正释仁济。仁济自谓用心四十年。作花圈始圆耳。外此则茅汝元。丁野堂。周密。沉雪坡。赵天泽。谢佑之。为宋元间之写梅著名者。汝元世称专家。佑之但傅色浓厚。学赵昌而不臻其妙也。明代诸公。尤多善此。未分厥派。各擅一长。不暇标举。唐宋以来。画梅之派有四。惟钩勒着色者最先。其法创于于锡至腾昌佑而推广之。徐熙始极其妙也用色点染者为没骨画。创于徐崇嗣。继之者。代不乏人至陈常一又变其法。点墨者。创于崔白。演其法于释仲仁米晁诸君。相效成风。极一时之盛圈折花头。不用着色。创于杨补之。吴仲圭。王元章。推其法。真横绝一世。考画梅之法。其源流亦不外乎是矣。
画梅体格法
[简体]:叠花如品字。交枝如又字。交木如桠字。结梢如爻字。花分多少则花不繁。枝有细嫩。而枝不怪。枝多而花少言其气之全也。枝老而花大。言其气之壮也。枝嫩而花细。言其气之微也。有高下尊卑之别。有大小贵贱之辨。有疏密重之象。有间阔动静之用。枝不得并发。花不得并生。眼不得并点。木不得并接。枝有文武则柔相合。花有大小君臣相对。条有父子长短不同。蕊有夫妻阴阳相应。其致不一。当以类推之。
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