(现在完成时和现在完成进行时)

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词

二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：
1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。
   The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy．(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)
2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
   I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night．(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过
3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。
   The boy has already come home．(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)
4、表示刚结束的动作。
   The police have just finished searching the area．(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查)
5、表示反复发生的动作。
   Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times．(村民们曾多次看到UFO)

三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1、 表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。
   The boy has already come home．男孩已经来家了。
   I haven't heard anything from him yet/ recently／lately.

 近来，我没收到他的任何信件。
   The police have just finished searching the area．警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。
   I've met the old man somewhere before．我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。
2、 表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用for／since短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。
  We haven't seen him for two years／since 2002．我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。
  We haven't seen him since he left Nanjing．自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。
3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+times、recently和lately等。
   Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．

一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。

四、用于现在完成时的句型： 

1) It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

    It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。

    It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。

2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that…结构, that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。

  You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。

 3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：

  It has been/ is a long time since I last came to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。

I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。

注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错) I have received his letter for a month.

(对) I received this letter a month ago.

(对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

 

	用 法	举       例
since	说明动作起始时间	I have lived here since I was born. 自从出生以来我一直住这儿。
for	说明动作延续时间长度	I have lived here for more than 20 years. 我已经住这儿20多年了。

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

 

 

	一般过去时	现在完成时
意义	过去发生的动作或单纯叙 述过去的事情, 强调动作	过去发生的事情对现在 的影响, 强调的是影响。
构成	did	have/ has done
常用 时间 状语	yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now 等具体的时间状语	for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past/ last … years 等不确定的时间状语
动词 特征	come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married, move, join等非持续性动词	live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, be away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延续性动词
注意：由when, where等引导的特殊疑问句，较少使用现在完成时，常用 一般过去时。

 现在完成进行时

 

一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：

    现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:

have (has) +been + doing

I have been learning English for three years. (学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)

I have been waiting three hours for you. (等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)
二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：
1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
  I have not been sleeping well since I returned home．(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)
2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
  Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
  Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for an hour．
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：

We have been cleaning the classroom．我们打扫教室来着。

其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。

We have cleaned the classroom．我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可

以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别

 

	现在完成时	现在完成进行时
意义	表示事件或动作刚结束	强调动作仍在继续
构成	have (has) +过去分词	have (has) +been + doing
提问 方式	表示反复发生的动作， 提问时用how many times	表示持续的、不间断的动作， 提问时用how long
谓语	用表示状态或动作的动词做谓语	只能用表示动作的动词做谓语
注意：现在完成时的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever这样的词， 而现在完成进行时的句子中则不可以用这样的词。

 

Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)
Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海伦仍在读)
------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
------I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)
------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?
------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.
(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过)
I have had this camera for five years．(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示动作的动词)
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (taking是表示动作的动词)
I’ve never visited Paris. 我从未参观过巴黎。
I've already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。

. 选择填空

1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?

  John: Yes, I       a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.

A. make     B. made      C. have been making      D. have made

2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he       as an actor for several years.

   A. worked     B. has worked      C. had worked     D. had been worked

3. Now that you       a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?

A. have been      B. are          C. were           D. had been

4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.

  Miss. Huang: So you are. You       on the documents all day.

  A. are working       B. have worked     C. were working     D. have been working

5. Tom: I       here three days ago.

  Andy: What       these days?

A. got; did you do         B. have got; have you done

C. had got; will you do     D. got; have you been doing

6. Annie: I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

  Michael: Oh, not at all. I       here only a few minutes.

  A. have been      B. had been         C. was          D. will be

7. You don’t need to describe her. I       her several times.

  A. had met        B. have met       C. met       D. meet

8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?

  Jim: I       here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.

   A. come        B. came          C. have come        D. have been

9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)       the world leading inventor for about sixty years.

  A. would be       B. has been       C. was       D. had been

10. Billy:       the sport meeting might be put off.

   Paul: Yes, it all depends on the weather.

  A. I’ve been told      B. I’ve told       C. I’m told       D. I told

11. Johnson: What bad luck that we       the football match in the last 3 minutes.

   Thomas: Especially when we       so hard in the past years.

  A. had lost; trained             B. were losing; had rained

  C. have lost; have trained        D. lost; have been training

12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.

   Mary: I       coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.

   A. had thought of              B. thought of

C. have been thinking of         D. have thought of

13. Tom: Miss Jones       music at Eton School for ten years.

   Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.

   A. teachers    B. used to teach    C. is teaching     D. has been teaching

14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we       here for over half an hour and nobody       our order yet.

   John: I suppose you are right.

A. have been waiting; has taken        B. have been waiting; took

C. have been waited; has taken         D. have waited; took

15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they       their experiment.

  A. finished      B. have finished     C. had finished      D. will finish

16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I       time to play since the new year.

   A. haven’t     B. don’t have      C. haven’t had      D. don’t have had

17. By now students in Grade One       1,700 English words and phrases.

   A. should learn     B. have learned     C. learned      D. learn

18. I       my history this time yesterday. Now I       all my work for today.

  A. reviewed; had done            B. was reviewing; had done 

  C. was reviewing; have done       D. reviewed; have done

19. I       unexplained things recently and I even       some writing.

  A. have been researching; have started        B. have researched; had started

   C. have been researching; have been starting   D. have been researched; have started

20. Tom: Where have you been? I       you the whole day.

   Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.

   A. have been telephoning           B. had telephoned

   C. telephoned                    D. was telephoned

21. The boss       yet when and where to take her paid holiday.

   A. has decided    B. didn’t decide    C. hasn’t decided    D. hadn’t decided

22. Jane: How are you today?

   Ben: Oh, I       this ill in a long time.

   A. didn’t feel     B. wasn’t feeling     C. don’t feel    D. haven’t felt

23. Shirley       a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

   A. has written     B. wrote       C. had written      D. was writing

24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.

   Tracy: I am tired. I       the living room all day.

   A. painted        B. had painted    C. have been painting   D. have painted

25. I don’t really work here. I       until the new secretary arrives.

  A. just help out            B. have just help out

  C. am just helping out       D. will just help out

26. The price       , but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.

  A. went down       B. will go down     C. has gone down      D. was going down

27. I wonder why Jenny       us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

   A. hasn’t written    B. doesn’t write      C. won’t write     D. hadn’t written

28. The high building is reported to       down last month.

  A. be torn       B. have been torn      C. tear       D. have torn

29. – Who is Jerry Cooper?

   --       ? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.

  A. Don’t you meet him yet        B. Didn’t you meet him yet

  C. Haven’t you met him yet       D. Hadn’t you met him yet

30. I       my washing machine the whole morning. I must get t done before noon.

  A. have repaired      B. am repairing      C. will repair      D. have been repairing

31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. I        well since then.

  A. haven’t been sleeping      B. haven’t sleep     C. didn’t sleep     D. don’t sleep

32. Experts       for Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still       one.

  A. have looked; haven’t been finding       B. have looked; haven’t been found

   C. are looking; haven’t been found         D. have been looking; haven’t found

 

. 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. The aliens say they come from zeton and                     (travel) for 2 years

2. How many times              you                 (swim) in the sea?

3. How long               the children                (play) computer games?

4. They                 (visit) this national park twice this month.

5. They                 (tour) Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.

6. She            never                (read) any book about Stonehenge before.

7. Jim                    (read) a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll get through soon.

8. I                 (not be) so delighted since I                    (enjoy) myself last.

9. But no evidence of life                     (discover) in any of these planet so far.

10. – Will someone go and get Dr. White?

   -- He                    already                  (send) for.

答案BAADD ；ABDCA ；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；

AD

1．  have been traveling  2. have; swum  3. have; been playing 4. have visited 5 . have been touring

6. has; read  7. has been reading  8. have not been; enjoyed 9. has been discovered 10.has; been sent