未完成时虚拟语气的使用与翻译
未完成时的虚拟语气广泛用于各类主句主要动词为过去时的从句中，包括目的从句与结果从句。对于所有的虚拟语气而言，翻译取决于其应用于什么类型的从句，但是有时可以采用辅助词，诸如：were, would，在目的从句中有might。看下面的例句：
Hoc
dīcit ut eōs iuvet.
He says
this (in order) to help them.
so that he may help them.
Hoc
dīxit (dīcēbat) ut eōs iuvāret.
He said
(kept saying) this (in order) to
help them.
so that he might help them.
Hoc
facit nē urbs capiātur.
He does this so that they city may not
be captured.
Hoc
fēcit (faciēbat) nē urbs caperētur.
He did (was doing) this so that the city might not be captured.
记住，要掌握虚拟语气（注意到这是目的从句了？！）你必须1）掌握每种从句的定义，2）知道怎样辨识出，以及3）知道每种从句中虚拟语气合适的翻译。将这三点牢牢记入脑中：定义、辨别、翻译。
结果从句
拉丁文的结果从句由ut引导，包含一个虚拟语气动词。通过上下文很容易辨别出结果从句，另外，在结果从句的主句中一般都包含一个副词（ita, tam, sīc so）或者是表达程度的形容词（tantus, so
much, so great）。如果从句描述的是一个否定的结果，它会包含一些否定性的词，诸如nōn, nihil, nēmō, numquam或nūllus。（比较一下，如果是目的从句，否定性的表达由nē引导）仔细分析下面的例句，注意到结果从句一般都翻译成一个不带辅助词的直陈式。
Tanta fēcit ut urbem servāret.
He did such great things that he saved the city.
(Result)
Haec
fēcit ut urbem servāret.
He
did these things that he mightsave the city. (Purpose)
Tam strēnuē labōrat ut multa
perficiat.
He
works so energetically that he accomplished many things. (Result)
Strēnuē
labōrat ut multa perficiat.
He
works energetically so that he may accomplish many
things. (Purpose)
Hoc
tantā benevolentiā dīxit ut eōs
nōn offenderet.
He
said this with such great kindness that he did not offend them.
(Result)
Hoc
magnā benevolentiā dīxit nē eōs offenderet.
He
said this with great kindness in order that he
might not offend them. (Purpose)
Saltus
erat angustus, ut paucī Graecī multōs mīlitēs
prohibēre possent.
The
pass was narrow, so that a few Greeks were able to stop many soldiers. (Result)
在最后一个例句中，你注意到主句中并没有“标志词”诸如ita和tam，但是通过上下文，你很容易看出来ut引导的是道路狭窄的结果。
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