1.

 A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer

trees. Such _62_ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people

_63_ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and

TVs have been _64_ us for a long time.

       "Most experts agree that the changes were _65_ to something in the environment," says  

 social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That

 something could be a _66_ of the green.

       The new research, _67_ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to

 associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer _68_ identifying what works and

 why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood _69_ means more places for kids to play—

 which is _70_ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's

 activity levels. But green space is good for the mind _71_: research by environmental

 psychologists has shown that it has cognitive _72_ for children with attention-deficit disorder.

 In one study, just reading _73_ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.

      _74_ to grassy areas has also been linked to _75_ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指

 数) among adults. And an _76_ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with

 greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.

      Glass cautions that most studies don't _77_ prove a causal link between greenness and 

 health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of

 Representatives _78_ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public

 initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.

      Finding green space is not _79_ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a

 little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take _80_ of what's

 there. Your children in particular will love it- and their bodies and minds will be _81_ to you.

 62. A) findings        B) theses           C) hypotheses           D) abstracts

 63. A) adapt           B) attribute        C) allocate             D) alternate

 64. A) amongst         B) along            C) beside               D) with

 65. A) glued           B) related          C) tracked              D) appointed

 66. A) scraping        B) denying          C) depressing           D) shrinking

 67. A) published       B) simulated        C) illuminated          D) circulated

 68. A) at              B) to               C) for                  D) over

 69. A) fully           B) simply           C) seriously            D) uniquely

 70. A) vital           B) casual           C) fatal                D) subtle

 71. A) still           B) already          C) too                  D) yet

 72. A) benefits        B) profits          C) revenues             D) awards

 73. A) outward         B) apart            C) aside                D) outside

 74. A) Immunity        B) Reaction         C) Exposure             D) Addiction

 75. A) much            B) less             C) more                 D) little

 76. A) installment     B) expedition       C) analysis             D) option

 77. A) curiously       B) negatively       C) necessarily          D) comfortably

 78. A) relieved        B) delegated        C) approved             D) performed

 79. A) merely          B) always           C) mainly               D) almost

 80. A) advantage       B) exception        C) measure              D) charge

 81. A) elevated        B) merciful         C) contented            D) grateful

 

2． In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had  1  the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge  2  from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread  3  in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have  4 the economic and political map of the world,  5  some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,  6  major importers ―including china and India, home to a third of the world's population--  7  rising economic and social costs.

     Managing this new order is fast becoming a central  8  of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to  9  scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government,  10  how unpleasant, to do it .

     In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption,  11  these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,  12  some in the west see as a new threat.

     Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil  13 , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,  14  costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia  16  128 percent from 2001 to 2006.

     In the United States, as already high gas prices rose  17  higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama  18  for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to  19  ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems  20  the country reported a sharp increase in riders.                                                                         (2009)

 1. A. come                 B. gone                C. crossed           D. arrived

 2. A. covered              B. discovered          C. arranged          D. ranged

 3. A. intensity            B. infinity           C. insecurity         D. instability

 4. A. drawn                B. redrawn             C. retained          D. reviewed

 5. A. fighting             B. struggling          C. challenging       D. threatening

 6. A. and                  B. while               C. thus              D. though

 7. A. confine              B. conflict            C. conform           D. confront

 8. A. problem              B. question            C. matter            D. event

 9. A. look for             B. lock up             C. send out          D. keep off

10. A. no matter            B. what if             C. only if           D. in spite of

11. A. abolishing           B. depriving           C. destroying        D. eliminating

12. A. what                 B. that                C. which             D. whom

13. A. interests            B. taxes               C. incomes           D. revenues

14. A. as many as           B. as good as          C. as far as         D. as well as

15. A. Although             B. Because             C. Since             D. As

16. A. advanced             B. grew                C. reduces           D. multiplied

17. A. even                 B. still               C. rather            D. fairly

18. A. asking               B. requesting          C. calling           D. demanding

19. A. change               B. turn                C. shift             D. transform

20. A. for                  B. from                C. across            D. over

 

3．  The horse and carriage is thing of the past. But love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages  1  young couples are the result of  2  attraction and affection  3  than practical considerations.

     In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin  4  in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social  5  . Though young people feel 6 to choose their friends from  7  groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is 8 in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually  9  choices by  10  disapproval of someone they consider unsuitabl

        11  ,marriages between members of different groups(interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater 12 of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted by  13  prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend college,  14  in the armed forces. 15 pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more 16 to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither  17  nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are  18  the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics.  On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and  19  a family. Marriages between people of different national  20  (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.

 

 1. A. linking          B. involving         C. connecting          D. correlating

 2. A. personal         B. emotional         C. mutual              D. magnetic

 3. A. more             B. less              C. rather              D. other

 4. A. dating           B. appointment       C. engagement          D. matching

 5. A. position         B. association       C. contacts            D. contract

 6. A. certain          B. embarrassed       C. hesitated           D. free

 7. A. similar          B. identical         C. differential        D. diverse

 8. A. for              B. likely            C. due                 D. because

 9. A. influence        B. give              C. make                D. offer

10. A. sounding         B. avoiding          C. expecting           D. voicing

11. A. Moreover         B. However           C. Therefore           D. Furthermore

12. A. mobility         B. motive            C. moral               D. mission

13. A. less             B. rather            C. fewer               D. many

14. A. work             B. serve             C. stay                D. remain

15. A. but              B. otherwise         C. likewise            D. or

16. A. probable         B. likely            C. reluctant           D. readily

17. A. rare             B. scarce            C. seared              D. relieved

18. A. in               B. at                C. on                  D. for

19. A. raise            B. obtain            C. grow                D. unite

20. A. origin           B. source            C. resource            D. base

 

4.    An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality  1  our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are  2 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all,  3  being seen. There is a type of authority which can be  4  from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership.  5  there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the  6  for anecdotes, whether true or  7 ; character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent  8  the occasion when the leader might be  9  to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business  10  has detained him. To  11  up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display  12  things which other folks might  13 as trivial. With this gift for  14  curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is　15  in　 other people he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all  16 is relevant. He never leaves a party  17  he has mentally field a minimum dossier(档案) on  18  present， ensuring that he knows  19 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen  20 talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.　

　

 1. A. in             B. beyond              C. under            D. of　　

 2. A. united         B. dragged             C. drawn            D. hauled　　

 3. A. at             B. in                  C. about            D. on　　

 4. A. looked         B. recognized          C. exercised        D. respected　　

 5. A. Where          B. Though              C. Because          D. When　　

 6. A. minor role     B. subject             C. joke             D. supplement　　

 7. A. incorrect      B. wrong               C. false            D. bad　　

 8. A. in             B. on                  C. at               D. under　　

 9. A. refused        B. suspected           C. expelled         D. expected　　

10. A. which          B. when                C. what             D. where　　

11. A. take           B. make                C. come             D. give　　

12. A. on             B. in                  C. about            D. at　　

13. A. look           B. think               C. view             D. deal　　

14. A. decreasing     B. possessing          C. inspiring        D. urging　　

15. A. directly       B. obscurely           C. scarcely         D. plainly　　

16. A. which          B. that                C. what             D. one　　

17. A. after          B. when                C. until            D. before　　

18. A. someone        B. everyone            C. men              D. one　　

19. A. when           B. where               C. which            D. what　　

20. A. and            B. or                  C. than             D. but

 

5.  Imagine fishermen walking down to the seashore, ready to carry out their early morning routine of preparing their boats and net. _1_ they hope for a good catch of fish. But to their _2_, a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes. Thousands of fish have been washed _3_ dead. The cause of this mass destruction red tide!

　　Red tides are a global _4_. They have been observed on both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada. They have also _5_ in many other places. Though relatively few people are _6_ them, red tides are not new.

　　In the Philippines, a red tide was first seen in the province of Bataan in 1908. Since then, red tides have been seen in many other _7_. A Philippines red tide expert told us that "_8_ the fish kills, the Philippines has documented 1,926 cases of dead shellfish poisoning caused by red tides."

　　The term "red tide" _9_ the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in certain areas of the ocean or sea. Although the color is often red, it may also be _10_ of brown or yellow. The World Book Encyclopedia reports that "the discolored areas may range from _11_ a few square yards to more than 2, 600 square kilometers."

　　What causes such discoloration? Red tides are generally caused by several _12_ of single-celled organisms. These tiny organisms have hair-like projections which they use to _13_ themselves in water. There are about 2,000 varieties of these organisms, 30 of which carry poisonous _14_. These minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content of salt.

　　A red tide occurs when there is a sudden and rapid _15_ of these organisms. The concentration of these organisms may _16_ to 50, 000, 000 per quart of water! Although scientists do not fully understand why this happens, it is known that these organisms _17_ when certain conditions simultaneously affect the water. These include abnormal weather, _18_ temperatures, an oversupply of nutrients in the water, a generous _19_ sunlight, and favorable water currents. When a heavy rainfall occurs, minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed _20_ the land into coastal water. These nutrients can contribute to the breeding of the organisms. The result? Red tides!

 1. A. As a result      B. As it is            C. As expected       D. As usual

 2. A. satisfaction     B. disappointment      C. astonishment      D. regret

 3. A. ashore           B. aboard              C. aside             D. across

 4. A. question         B. crisis              C. phenomenon        D. situation

 5. A. occupied         B. occurred            C. acquired          D. accused

 6. A. assured of       B. worried about       C. concerned about   D. aware of

 7. A. sandy beaches    B. river mouths        C. coastal areas     D. reef areas

 8. A. except           B. besides             C. despite           D. without

 9. A. applies to       B. sums up             C. copes with        D. leads to

10. A. shadows          B. shades              C. shakes            D. shapes

11. A. less than        B. more than           C. as much as        D. as little as

12. A. components       B. elements            C. ingredients       D. species

13. A. propel           B. probe               C. proceed           D. prompt

14. A. materials        B. substances          C. masses            D. objects

15. A. bolt             B. block               C. bloom             D. blast

16. A. scale            B. plunge              C. gauge             D. swell

17. A. accelerate       B. accommodate         C. accumulate        D. accompany

18. A. optimum          B. minimum             C. maximum           D. momentum

19. A. means of         B. amount of           C. way to            D. account for

20. A. over             B. on                  C. by                D. from

补充完型

1.  Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. _1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been _2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very _3_ of money itself,” only to _4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so _5_ in coming?

　　  Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work _6_the disappearance of the paper system. First,it is very_7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessaryto make electronic money the _8   form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they _9_ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to _10_. Third, the useof paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days  11  a checkis cashed and funds are _12  from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of thecheck can earn interest on the funds in the meantime._13  electronic payments are immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment _14 securityand privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been ableto access a computer database and to alter information _15_ there.

      Because this is not an _16  occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems s and _17_ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The _18_ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole

new field of computer science has developed to _19    security issues. A further concern is

that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic _20_ that contains a large

amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and

marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.    （2013）

 

 1. A However            B Moreover          C Therefore         D Otherwise

 2. A off                B back              C over              D around

 3. A power              B concept           C history           D role

 4. A reward             B resist            C resume            D reverse

 5. A silent             B sudden            C slow              D steady

 6. A for                B against           C with              D on

 7. A imaginative        B expensive         C sensitive         D productive

 8. A similar            B original          C temporary         D dominant

 9. A collect            B provide           C copy              D print

10. A give up            B take over         C bring back        D pass down

11. A before             B after             C since             D when

12. A kept               B borrowed          C released          D withdrawn

13. A Unless             B Until             C Because           D Though

14. A hide               B express           C raise             D ease

15. A analyzed           B shared            C stored            D displayed

16. A unsafe            B unnatural         C uncommon           D unclear

17. A steal             B choose            C benefit            D return

18. A consideration     B prevention        C manipulation       D justification

19. A cope with         B fight against     C adapt to           D call for

20. A chunk             B chip              C path               D trail

 

2.   Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who  1  in World War II and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the  2  man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who  3  all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the  4  of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid,  5  an average guy, up 6  the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

 

His name is not much. GI. is just a military abbreviation  7  Government Issue, and it was on all of the article  8  to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never  9  it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has  10  had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.

 

G.I. joe had a  11  career fighting German ,Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a  12  of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle  13  portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the  14  side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were  15  or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports  16  the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men  17  the dirt and exhaustion of war, the  18  of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter,sleep. 19 Egypt,France

, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,  20  the most important person in their lives.                                                                         （2012）

                                                                  

 1. A performed         B served              C rebelled            D betrayed

 2. A actual            B common              C special             D normal

 3. A bore              B cased               C removed             D loaded

 4. A necessities       B facilities          C commodities         D properties

 5. A and               B nor                 C but                 D hence

 6. A for               B into                C form                D against

 7. A meaning           B implying            C symbolizing         D claiming

 8. A handed out        B turn over           C brought back        D passed down

 9. A pushed            B got                 C made                D managed

10. A ever              B never               C either              D neither

11. A disguised         B disturbed           C disputed            D distinguished

12. A company           B collection          C community           D colony

13. A employed          B appointed           C interviewed         D questioned

14. A ethical           B military            C political           D human

15. A ruined            B commuted            C patrolled           D gained

16. A paralleled        B counteracted        C duplicated          D contradicted

17. A neglected         B avoided             C emphasized          D admired

18. A stages            B illusions           C fragments           D advances

19. A With              B To                  C Among               D Beyond

20. A on the contrary   B by this means       C from the outset     D at that

 

3.  Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health

conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less

likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_，among the elderly, being somewhat

overweight is often an _4_ of good health.

     Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_ body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult

with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

     While such numerical standards seem _9_, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit. _10_ others with a low BMI may be in poor _11_. For example, many collegiate and professional football players

_12__ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame

may have high body fat but a _13_ BMI.

     Today we have a(n)_14_to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

     Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_ in health concerns have stimulated a number of

anti-obesity _19_, My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives, Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat!                                                         （2014）

 

 1. A denied            B conduced             C doubled            D ensured

 2. A protective        B dangerous            C sufficient         D troublesome

 3. A Instead           B However              C Likewise           D Therefore

 4. A indicator         B objective            C origin             D example

 5. A impact            B relevance            C assistance         D concern

 6. A in terms of       B in case of           C in favor of        D in of

 7. A measures          B determines           C equals             D modifies

 8. A in essence        B in contrast          C in turn            D in part

 9. A complicated       B conservative         C variable           D straightforward

10. A so                B unlike               C since              D unless

11. A shape             B spirit               C balance            D taste

12. A start             B quality              C retire             D stay

13. A strange           B changeable           C normal             D constant

14. A option            B reason               C opportunity        D tendency

15. A employed          B pictured             C imitated           D monitored

16. A                   B combined             C settled            D associated

17. A Even              B Still                C Yet                D Only

18. A despised          B corrected            C ignored            D grounded

19. A discussions       B businesses           C policies           D studies

20. A for               B against              C with               D without

 

练习：P1.  62-66 ABDBD     67-71 ABBAC      72-76 ADCBC       77-81 CCBAD

P2.  1-5 CDDBC       6-10 BDABA       11-15 BCDDA       16-20 BACAC

P3.  1-5 BCDAC       6-10 DDCAD       11-15 BACBD       16-20 BACAA

P4.  1-5 BCDCA  　   6-10 BCBDA 　　  11-15 BBCCD　　   16-20 BCBDC　

P5.  1-5 DCACB       6-10 DCBAB       11-15 ADABC       16-20 DCABD

补充： P1.  1-5 ADBDC       6-10 BBDBA       11-15 ADCCC       16-20 CABAD    

P2.  1-5 BBAAC       6-10 DCACB       11-15 DBCDD       16-20 ACCBD   

P3.  1-5 BACAD       6-10 ACCDB       11-15 ABCDC       16-20 DADDB