Passage10

    China is already the world´ s third largest producer of electronics, and becoming a player in the global appliance market. Twenty years ago, U.S., European and Japanese compa­nies started moving into China to supply the local market with household goods. Now those same companies are get­ting whipped by Chinese competitors. Over the past six years, the market share of foreign TV makers in China has dropped from 70 percent to less than 20 percent. Matsushita opened the first microwave-oven plant in China in 1995. Two years later the Chinese compa­ny Galanz started making microwaves and selling them for half Matsushita´ s price.

   Chinese companies now make more than 43 million TVs yearly. Konka, one of China´ s largest TV makers, sells its branded TVs in the United States, and has set up factories in Mexico to service the American market; While TCL, anoth­er major TV maker, exported 11 million units from its Chinese factories last year. It has more Southeast Asian fac­tories than any other Chinese company.

11. This passage is primarily concerned with

    A. the world´ s third largest producer of electronics  B. Chinese electronic companies

    C. China´ s largest TV makers   D. the increase of China´ s electronics

12. What do “whipped” mean?

    A. beat with a whip  B. won   C. defeated    D. suffered

13. What is the decreased rate of the market share of foreign TV makers in China?

    A. 70%B. 20%C. 50%D. 20%--70%

14. When did Galanz start making and selling microwaves?

    A. 1993B. 1994C. 1995D. 1997

15. Which of the following produces more TV sets?

    A. GalanzB. KonkaC. TCLD. Unknown

Passage11

    Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.

    Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the crossing. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children. For perception is the mind´ s explanation of what the senses --- in this case, our eyes --- tell us.

    Many psychologists today are working to try to decide just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific method, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

16. Seeing and perceiving are ____________.

    A. the same action         B. two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

    C. two separate actions    D. several actions that take place at different time

17. Perceiving is an action that takes place ______________.

    A. in our eyes                      

    B. only when we think very hard about something

    C. only under the direction of a psychologist     

    D. in every person´ s mind

18. People perceive different things about the same scene because _________.

    A. they come from different countries      B. they can´ t agree about things

    C. some have better eyesight               D. none of these

 19. Psychologists study perception by _________.

    A. setting up many experiments

    B. asking each other what they see

    C. looking out of the window

    D. studying people´ s eyes

 20. The best title for this passage is _________.

    A. How He Sees

    B. Learning about Our Minds Through Sciences

    C. What Psychologists Perceive

    D. How to Become an Experimental Psychologist

Passage12

    Not all heroes are to be found in the army. Some of them are to be found in other fields of life. Early in this century, a group of doctors was trying to discover the cause of the dangerous disease called yellow fever. At that time it was one of the worst diseases known, thousands of people were dying of it every year.

    It had been suggested that the disease was caused by the bite of a certain mosquito. That is, it was thought that a certain kind of mosquito would bite a person ill with yellow fever and then, flying elsewhere, bite another person and give him the disease.

    To prove whether or not this was true, one of the doctors, Dr. James Carroll, allowed such a mosquito to bite him after it had bitten a yellow fever patient. He knew that the bite of this mosquito might cause his death, but he made the trial.

    Dr. Carroll became very ill with yellow fever but finally recovered. The risk this hero took, however, helped to save the lives of many thousands of people. He had proved that yellow fever is carried by a mosquito.

21. What is the article about as a whole?

    A. A good family doctor         B. A man who studied the mosquito

    C. A man who knew diseases      D. A man who risked his life to help others

22. The word “recovered” means _________.

    A. covered something again             B. uncovered

    C. got back to the state of health     D. discovered the cause of yellow fever

23. Dr. Carroll made his experiment ___________.

    A. to find how the mosquito bite people      B. to find the cause of yellow fever

    C. to show he had a good health              D. to prove he could resist yellow fever

24. According to the passage, James was interested in ________.

    A. making lots of money       B. finding people who had yellow fever

    C. saving people´ s lives     D. find clothes and food

25. Which of the following is true?

    A. Dr. Carroll was the only doctor hunting the cause of yellow fever.

    B. Dr. Carroll must have been a very brave man.

    C. Yellow fever was caused by the bite of a mouse.

    D. All real heroes are found in the army.

Passage13

   In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization´ s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism , and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum.

    Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul´ s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believe that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning form self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that´ s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that´ s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment that now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

26. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ____.

     A. to explain why things happen        B. to explain how things happen

     C. to describe self-evident principles D. to support Aristotelian science

27. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?

     A. The speculations of Thales.  B. The forces of electricity, magnetism , land gravity.

     C.Aristotle´ s natural science. D.Galileo´ s discoveries.

28. Bertrand Russell´ s notion about electricity is ____.

     A. disapproved of by most modern scientists

     B. in agreement with Aristotle´ s theory of self-evident principles

     C. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happen

     D. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen

29. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ____.

     A. that there are mysterious forces in the universe

     B. that man cannot discover what forces “really ” are

     C. that there are self-evident principles

     D. that we can discover why things behave as they do

30. Modern science came into being ____.

     A. when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced

     B. when Galileo succeeded in explaining: how things happen

     C. when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happen

     D. when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning