Word Power& Grammar and usage

1.differ v.不同于(differ from…in…和…在某方面不同= be different from…in…)

Eg. Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子没有车库，这和我的不一样。

   The two squares differ in color but not in size.

  different adj. A be different from B.

  difference n. tell difference(s) between A and B=make a difference betweenA and B区分

             make some / much / no /a bit of difference (to sb.)（没）有意义/作用/影响/区别

eg. It makes a difference which you choose.

   It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you’ll go or stay….对我来说没有什么。

   When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big difference….效果大不同

 

2.fit adj. 合适的，适当的 / 健康的

Eg. a fit place for picnic   /    keep fit.

联想拓展1) sth./sb. is fit to do sth.某人/某物适合做…2)be fit for 

Eg. He is not fit to be a member of the club.

   The polluted water is not fit to drink.

   The river is not fit to swim in.这条河不适合游泳。

   We are fit for the job.

  fit v. (fitted,fitted)合身（指大小，尺寸）/试穿/安装

eg. Does the coat fit you well?

   They fitted/fixed a TV set in each classroom.

   He went to the tailor’s to be fitted for a coat.他去裁缝店试穿大衣。

  fit n.eg.The coat was a good / bad / tight /loose fit.那件大衣很合身、不合身、很瘦、很宽松。

 

3.I’m okay now, but I just had the worst morning ever!我现在没事了，但是今天上午遭透了！

  the worst morning ever=the worst ever morning=the worst morning that I had ever had

  ever 与最高级连用，表示“迄今最…”之意。

  than ever比以往任何时候 / as ever同往常一样

  ever since(then)从此，从那时起

eg. It was the hardest test I have ever taken.这是我考过的最难的考试。

   It is going to be the most exciting pop concert ever. Will you attend it?

   We met each other last year but we haven’t written any letter ever since.

 

4. wish & hope

  hope + for sth. / + to do sth. / +that从句（陈述语气）

  wish + for sth / + to do sth. / +复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth./ wish sb.sth) / +从句（虚拟语气, 表示现在、过去或将来无法实现的愿望，从句谓语动词分别用一般过去时、had done sth. 以及 would/should/ might/could+v.）

思维演练：1.There’s every reason to hope / wish for success.希望成功。

2. “I wish you good luck in the coming exam.” The schoolmaster said to me gently.

          3.Do you wish us to wait her for you?

          4.He is not a pop star but he wishes he were.

          5.—Would you please give us a talk on modern science?

            ---I wish I could, but I am leaving for New York tomorrow.

          6.She wishes that we hadn’t sent (没有给)her the candy yesterday as she’s on a diet.

          7. –Will it rain tomorrow? – I hope not / so.(但愿不会下/ 能下)

5.search v. / n. 搜寻 search A for B. 搜身/搜找…  ;   in search of ..=in one’s search for…

eg. The policeman searched the thief for the lost wallet.

   Many villagers are searching the forest for the lost child.

 =  They are in search of the lost child  =  They are in their search for the lost child.

 

6.bore vt.使…厌烦   eg. I’m not boring you, am I? 我没有让你厌烦，是不是？

                     Has he always been boring you with his stories in China?

  boring&bored adj.  eg.a boring book/job/man令人厌烦的书/工作/人

                     sb. be bored with sb./sth./doing sth.某人对某事感到厌烦

思维演练 I like English, but I’m really bored with (=tired of) boring grammar.

      

7.more than one 1)=over超过（数量上）；2)程度比较,相当于 very；3）“不仅，不只”，相当与not only。

  no more than 1)=only仅仅，只有，强调数量少；2) 在程度上比较时，表“两者都不”

  not more than 1)=at most至多，不超过（只说明事实）；2)在程度上，表“不及…”

  no more / not any more不再 （常用来强调从程度上，包括数量上指某动作不再继续下去；而no longer/not any longer强调从时间上指某动作 或状态不再继续下去）

思维演练 1.The two stories are interesting. But this story is not more interesting than that one

         2.This story is no more interesting than that one. I don’t want either of them.

         3.Mr. Li is more than a teacher; he is also our friend.

         4.Don’t be angry with the child. After all, he is no more than 8 years old.

         5.The exam turned out to be very difficult, not more than 27 students passed it. But I am not sure.

         6.If you tell our father what you’ve done, he’ll be more than angry.

         7. He smoked no more.他不再吸烟。

           He no longer lives here.他不在这儿住了。

8. the rest (of…)其余的（部分或人）

eg.Those are mines; the rest are yours.

   The rest of her money has been donated to the children who have lost their parents.

9. think of … as…以为；认为…

eg.You mustn’t think of me as being unhappy.

   I have long thought of it as the most beautiful village in England.

   It is thought of as impossible.

Task

1.mark n.标记，记号，印记，符号；标志，表示，迹象；分数

eg. make a mark作标记； get full marks得满分

His feet left dirty marks all over the floor.

   They stood as a mark of respect when he entered the room.
   The years in prison have left their marks on his character.

   He got 70 marks out of 100.

联想拓展sign n. 符号，标记；迹象，征兆；标牌，招牌；手势，姿势，表示

            v. sign up报名；sign one’s name签名

eg. This sign, +, means “add”.

   A red flag was placed there as a sign of danger.

   Dark clouds are a sign of rain or snow.

   She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet.

  

2.test vt./n.测验；检验，试用；考查，考验

eg. have my eyes tested(检查眼睛)/do a blood test(验血) /stand the test of time经过时间的考验

   He tested the boy’s honesty by leaving money about.

联想拓展 test 、examination & quiz

test 是平时的小考、考查；examination 指学期中定期举行的有相当规模的正式考试，也可指升学考试；quiz指不预先准备或通知的随时做的小测验，还可指报纸、电视等媒体上的知识小测验、益智测验、智力小竞赛、猜谜等。

         test&examine

   test测试（水平，能力，性能，指标等）

   have one’s eyes tested检查视力        ;have one’s blood tested (=do a blood test) ;

   test one’s ability/honesty/patience/will    ; test a new product

test students on their knowledge of grammar ;

put sth. to the test 使…经受考验/检验

examine检查（身体等）或考察（学生）

He was examined by the official.(官员)

examine one’s bag

 

3.stay up待着不睡觉；没有倒塌（下沉），留着不撕下（拆下）

eg. I stayed up reading until midnight.我一直在看书直到深夜才睡。

   Your notice can stay up for a week, but then, I’m afraid, it’ll have to come down to make room for others. 

 

4.upset vt.（upse,upset;upsetting）使不安，使心烦；打乱（计划）；打翻

upset adj.忐忑不安的，难过的 (be upset with sb. over / about sth.)

upsetting adj. 令人不安的

eg. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problem.

   If the rain keeps falling, it will upset our whole plan.（打乱我们整个计划）

   Look at the upsetting situation.

   Be careful not to upset the vase.

 

5.All that was for nothing

 for nothing 1)不要钱，免费2）徒劳，无酬劳，无结果

 eg. Children under 5 travel for nothing.五岁以下的孩子旅行免费。

    All that preparation was for nothing because the visit was cancelled(取消).

 

6.after all（含有“要知道…别忘了…”的含义，用来说明或提醒对方，通常放在句首）毕竟，终究，到底，别忘了；（放在句末时）虽然…但毕竟…（表示与预期的相反）。

 above all 最重要的是（说明事物的重要性）

 first of all 首先，第一（说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度）

 in all总计，总共（说明数量）

 at all（与not连用）一点都不；（用于疑问句，肯定句或条件句，意为“真，的确）

思维演练 1. I’m interested in old coins but first of all I’m a stamp collector.

         2. We mustn’t waste anything and above all we mustn’t waste time in our life.

         3. Do you know him at all?

         4. If you do it at all, do it well.

         5. Sometimes he acts as though / as if (好像) he doesn’t even love us at all!

         5. I think we should do the work by ourselves, after all, we are all grown-ups now.

         6. She said she would not go to the palace hall, but she went there after all.
       

7.mix vt&vi渗合，调（色），混杂/交往（n.mixture混合物）

Eg. If you mix blue and yellow, you make green.

   Oil and water will not mix.油和水不溶。

   She doesn’t mix freely with people.

联想拓展mix up(with sb./sth)渗合在一起，搞乱/混淆，分不清两样东西

eg. Even the twins’ mother mixes them up.即使是妈妈也分不清这对双胞胎。

   If you mix up these papers we shan’t find the one we need quickly.

   Mary’s parents tell her not to get mixed up with the students who always break school rules.

        be/get mixed up （指人）弄糊涂了/（指事物）混乱不清，杂乱无章

eg. I’m getting mixed up in my old age.

   The papers on the desk are mixed up.桌上的讲义乱七八糟的。 

        be/get mixed up in (=mix oneself up in sth.)卷入，牵涉进去，和…有关

eg. I’m not going to have you mixed up in(让你卷入…) this sort of things..

   Don’t mix yourself up / get mixed up in this sort of things.

 

8. score v.得/记分 score a goal进一球而得分/ three points得三分

      n. make a score 得分； keep the score记分数

        We won the game by a score of 2-0(two-nothing)

        He made / got a score of 90 in / on the maths exam.

联想拓展 score 二十 a score of people / two score and ten  / scores of（许多） students

         dozen 十二，一打  a dozen eggs / three dozen boxes / dozens of （许多）students

 

9. Don’t you talk to me like that!你不要跟我那样说话！

  该句为含有主语的祈使句。祈使句通常不出现主语，但有时为了强调、对比或表示说话人发怒、生气等感情，或仅仅为了明确指出是向谁提出请求或命令，主语可表示出来。

Eg. You open the door.

   Don’t you be careless.你别粗心大意。

 

10. I don’t think you are being fair at all!但我认为你这样一点都不公平！

   “are being fair”是be的现在进行时，表达某中特殊含义（如短暂性、临时性、转义等），试比较：

He is rude.他很粗鲁。（长久性）

He is being rude to ask the question.（临时性）

 

11.simply adv.简单地；仅仅，只不过

eg.Explain it simply.

  He lives very simly.

  Don’t worry. It’s simply a cold.

  He was absent yesterday simply because he didn’t want to meet her.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Project

1.He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.

 as在此处意为 依照，按照，如，象（引导方式状语从句）

eg. I have changed it as you suggested.

   As all his friends agree, he is usually warm-hearted, loving and unselfish.

   When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

【注】有时引起分词短语作状语；有时引起从句作表语，表示“像 …的样子（那样）”

eg.As expected（就像被预料的）, the boy got home two weeks later.

  It usually happens as described above.

  His rooms are exactly as he left them.他的房间还是和他离开时那个样子。

 

2.Sometimes he acts as though he doesn’t even love us at all.

 as though =as if似乎，好象（引导表语或状语从句：从句中表明的情况实现的可能性大或者就是事实，则用陈述语气；从句表示不真实的或假定的情况时，则用虚拟语气，即时态往前退一个，注意：用were代was）

eg. You look as if you know each other.

   He speaks as if he had seen it with his own eyes.( 对过去的虚拟)

   The old man walks as if he were drunk.(对现在的虚拟)

思维演练：1) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____c_____.

          A breaks   B. has broken  C. were broken   D. had been broken

          2)He talks as if he ______c______ all the work himself, but in fact Jim and Mary did most of it.  A. does    B. did        C. had done     D. has done

 

3.Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insisted on wasting his time ..

  has/have been doing sth.此结构是完成进行时态，表示一直在进行的动作，常表示动作一直在进行，到说话时还没结束

【注】现在完成进行时中不用一次性动词

试比较 I have been learning to type.我一直在学打字。（还没完全学会）

        I have learned to type.我已经学会了打字

eg.I have been knocking. I don’t think anyone is in.我一直在敲门，我想屋里没人。

思维演练：1)The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____c_____ increased enormously ever since.

A. is  B. was  C. has been  D. had been

          2)—Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

            --- I’m tired, I________c___________ the living room all day.

            A. painted   B. had painted  C. have been painting  D. have painted

 

4.To prevent upsetting his mother with an argument, I am allowing him his freedom.

prevent v.阻止，防止，预防（~sth./~ doing sth. / ~ sb.( from )doing sth.）

eg.A heavy cold prevented his attending the meeting.

  Who prevents their plans (from) being carried out?

联想拓展 keep sb. from doing sth = stop sb. (from) doing sth.= prevent sb.(from) doing sth.

  allow v.允许，让（做某事）（~ sth. / ~ doing sth. / ~ sb. to do sth./ ~ sb. in (out等)/ ~ sb. sth）

eg. They don’t allow smoking. / They don’t allow us to smoke. / We are not allowed to smoke.

   He was allowed five cigarrettes a day.他被允许每天吸烟五根。

 

5.Whenever I want to do something or suggest an idea, such as …,he doesn’t listen to me.

 Whenever I try to talk to him he just shouts at me.

 Wh-+ever=no matter +who(whom)/which/what/when/where/how引导让步状语从句

 Whatever/ whichever/ whoever/whomever还可引导名词性从句= anyone/ anything +定语从句

  Whenver/wherever/however还可引导时间、地点及方式状语从句

eg. I will not believe whatever he says.

  =I will not believe anything that he say.

   Give it to whoever/whomever you can trust.

  =Give it to anyone who/whom you can trust.

   Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.

  =Anyone of you who comes in first will receive a prize.

   Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.

  =No matter where I am, I will be thinking of you.

   You may leave whenever you please.

  =You may leave no matter when you please.

   However loudly you shout, you won’t be heard

  =No matter how loudly you shout, you won’t be heard.

   You can go there however you like.你要怎么去就怎么去。

   I’ll go wherever I’m more needed.哪儿更需要我，我就去哪儿。

   You can visit him whenever you like.你想什么时候去见他就什么时候去。

思维演练：You must keep on __A____ difficult the situation is.

          You must keep on ___B.___ difficulty you’ll meet with.

          A. however   B. whatever   C. whenever   D. wherever

  suggest v①建议~ sth. / doing sth/ sb doing sth./+从句（用虚拟语气）;

②表明（从句用陈述语气）

eg.His look suggested that he was not well.

  She suggested to me that we (should) send for a doctor at once.

  advice v. 建议~sth./ doing sth / sb. to do sth/+从句（用虚拟语气）

联想拓展a discrop (advise /demand /insist /suggest /command /require /order /propose + that sb. (should )do sth.)

Eg. I suggested that the meeting ________B.__________ till tomorrow morning.

   A. should put off  B. be put off  C. is put off  D. will put off

   The clouds suggested that there ___________B_____________ be a storm.

   A. should        B. was going to    C. /     D. could

         

6.when I refuse to …, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.

  fight v./n.(fought/fought)斗争，打斗

 fight for freedom        fight against difficulties   

  fight with sb.和…打（= fight against sb.）/ 与…在一起作战

  fight one’s way back/out/through etc.费了很大劲恢复/出来等

eg.He fought his way through the crowd.他好不容易才挤过人群。

  crazy adj. 发疯，发傻；热爱，喜欢得要命

  drive sb crazy= make sb go crazy使某人发疯；be crazy about/over sth.对…狂热/痴迷 

like crazy拼命地

eg.It was crazy of you to go skating on such thin ice.

   The boy is crazy about cars.

   You’ll have to work hard like crazy to get this finished.

 

7.Also, every time I watch a DVD, he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.

  every time 可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句

eg.Every time he comes, he asks me for money.

联想拓展 each time, the first/last/next time，the moment/minute等名词性短语，都可引导时间状语从句（其中the moment/minute= as soon as，表示“一…就…”）。

eg Each time you _____C________, start all over again.

  A. will fail   B. failed   C. fail    D. will have failed

  I thought her nice and honest _______D._______ I saw him.

  A. first time   B. for the first time   C. the first time   D. by the first time

send sb. to bed打发某人上床睡觉 (put sb. to bed安顿..睡觉)

联想拓展 send sb to school     send an e-mail to sb.   send for a doctor 请个大夫来

         send sth. Out分发；发出（光，信号，声音）；长出嫩芽等

         send sth off 寄出某物    send sb. off=see sb. off给某人送行

 

8.He has even forbidden me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.

  forbid v.禁止（forbade(forbad)/forbidden/forbidding）

  forbid sth. / sb. sth  / (sb.’s) doing sth/ sb. to do sth. =sb. from doing sth.

eg.I forbid you to stay out after midnight.

  He forbids smoking during office hours.

         禁止进入，不让吃，不让使用（forbid sb.sth）

eg.He didn’t like his daughter’s boyfriend, and forbade him the house.

联想拓展 forbidden fruit    forbidden ground   the Forbidden City

 

9.mainly adv.主要地，大部分地 eg. He is interested mainly in sports.

                               The people who came here were mainly students.