Metallography of Steels

《Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing》，Author: Hubertus Colpaert。2018版的第80页上有几幅示意图，很到位。一个，等轴晶粒试样中两个晶粒之间的分界处呈现怎样的立体构造，给出了4种选项。这里表现的已经进入了“深蚀刻”。

我对于二、四是理解的，且，很容易获得实际样品的对照。大赛中的工业纯铁，留意的话，都可以发现。

针对晶界位置的立体形貌，这里还是存在瑕疵，只有“示意图”而没有现实样品比照。从这个角度说，思维方式还停留于以前，没有切实的推进。可以考虑制备有关试样的垂直切面直观感受晶界位置的轮廓，那也就完全没必要什么“示意图”了。

关于一、三，从个人经验出发，比较存疑，尤其是“一”。对于“三”，其合理性从电化学角度出发，可能性还是很高的。个人推测，晶界位置还会出现“第三者”的干扰，而呈现“峰脊”；也就是说，晶界，有的时候，不是两个晶粒的事情，而是三个晶粒之间的事情。第三个晶粒的主体在内部，隐匿于观察面之下，而在三个晶粒的交汇处“界棱”处露头，会很突兀地在样品表面两个晶粒相会之处凸起，隔开两个晶粒。

所有金相观察二维截面，都源自三维状态的根本。

参考资料：

[1] Colpaert H . Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing[M].  2018.

Fia.5.14 Different effects on sample surface produced by reagents（a）Contrast between different grains in a sample due to different reflectivities after etching （associated with different crvstallographic orientation of the grains（b）Differential con trast between grains,causing depressions in grain boundaries and thus image contrast.（c）and（d）Contrast generated by the deposition oflayers on top of certain phases or with different thicknesses depending on phases etched.Source: Ref 4,5

Fia.5.14试剂对样品表面产生的不同影响（a）由于蚀刻后的不同反射率，样品中不同晶粒之间的对比度（与晶粒的不同色谱取向有关）（b）晶粒之间的差异对比度，导致晶界凹陷，从而形成图像对比度。（c） 和（d）某些相顶部或不同厚度的层沉积产生的对比度，取决于蚀刻的相。来源：参考文献4,5

[2] https://www.asminternational.org/web/ims/resources/-/journal_content/56/10192/27534222/PUBLICATION  Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing钢的金相学：结构和加工效果的解释  by HUBERTUS COLPAERT

Updated and translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva

This book is a combination of a metallographic atlas for steels and cast irons and an introductory textbook covering the fundamentals of phase transformations and heat treatment of these materials. Every important stage of processing, from casting to cold working is clearly discussed and copiously illustrated with metallographs that show the obtained structures, both desired and those achieved when deviations occur.

First published in 1951 by Professor Hubertus Colpaert from the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) of São Paulo, Brazil, this book became one of the most important Brazilian references for professionals interested in the processing, treatment, and application of steels and cast irons. In this Fourth Edition and English translation, updated and translated by Professor André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva, the concept of the original edition was preserved while important developments in metallographic characterization and in steel and iron products, as well as progress in the understanding of the transformations that made the extraordinary developments of these alloys possible, were added.

Most metallographs are of actual industrial materials and a large number originate from industry leaders or laboratories at the forefront of steel and iron development. As steel continues to be the most widely used metallic material in the world, Metallography of Steels continues to be an essential reference for students, metallographers, and engineers interested in understanding processing-properties-structure relationships of the material. The balance between theoretical and applied information makes this book a valuable companion for even experienced steel practitioners.

AndréLuiz V.da Costa e Silva更新并翻译

这本书结合了钢和铸铁的金相图谱，以及涵盖这些材料相变和热处理基本原理的入门教科书。从铸造到冷加工的每一个重要加工阶段都进行了清晰的讨论，并用金相学对其进行了大量的说明，这些金相学显示了所获得的结构，包括所需的结构和出现偏差时获得的结构。

这本书由巴西圣保罗技术研究所的Hubertus Colpaert教授于1951年首次出版，成为对钢和铸铁的加工、处理和应用感兴趣的专业人士最重要的巴西参考资料之一。在由AndréLuiz V.da Costa e Silva教授更新和翻译的第四版和英文译本中，保留了原版的概念，同时在金相表征和钢铁产品方面取得了重要进展，以及在理解使这些合金的非凡发展成为可能的转变方面取得了进展，已添加。

大多数金相学都是由实际的工业材料制成的，其中大量来自钢铁发展前沿的行业领导者或实验室。由于钢仍然是世界上使用最广泛的金属材料，《钢的金相》仍然是学生、金相学家和工程师了解材料加工性能与结构关系的重要参考资料。理论信息和应用信息之间的平衡使这本书成为经验丰富的钢铁从业者的宝贵伴侣。