关于QM120迁徙扩散与论文作者商讨
(2019-06-21 23:02:08)看到原复旦系博士生们关于QM120的新论文
Phylogeography of Y-chromosome
haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage
connecting populations in Siberia and East Asia
Phylogeography of
Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage connecting
populations in Siberia and East Asia: Annals of Human Biology: Vol
0, No ja
[url]https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014460.2019.1632930?journalCode=iahb20[/url]
1.
基于许多古DNA和现代的QM120样本,该论文终于认识到高频的Q-M120族群是华夏族和汉族形成的奠基族群。
This paternal lineage experienced
an in-situ expansion between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago in
northwestern China. Ancient populations
with high frequencies of Q-M120 were involved in the formation of
ancient Huaxia populations before 2,000 years
ago; this haplogroup
eventually became one of the founding paternal lineages of modern
Han populations.
Q-M120 as a founding paternal
lineage of Han populations The distribution and phylogeographic
pattern of Q-M120 in this study suggested that this haplogroup is a
founding paternal lineage of modern Han
populations.
Our results are consistent with
the theory of Zhao et al. (2014) that ancient populations with the
dominant lineage Q-M120 were involved in the formation of ancient
Huaxia populations at least 3000 years ago (around the Zhou Dynasty
of China) (Zhao et al. 2014). Since then, haplogroup Q-M120 became
part of paternal gene pool of Han
populations.
过去,复旦的有些人总是用屁股思维,想把Q-M120往鬼方匈奴戎狄游牧民族方向去靠,相比于过去的屁股思维,这个认识无疑是个巨大的进步。
2.
认识到Q-M120某些分支在藏缅族群形成过程中的可能作用。
Furthermore, three sub-branches
of Q-M120 (F30415, FGC14753, and SK1928) were also among
Tibeto-Burman populations. The precise role of these
sub-branches during the formation
of Tibeto-Burman populations is yet to be
discovered.
比如纳西族东巴文,与古埃及文字高度相似,作为一个人数特别少民族,能够拥有这样古老的象形文字,这是与纳西族的Q-M120存在联系。
这篇文章没有出现金力和李辉名字,也可以看作博士们摆脱了他们的Y种族主义思维的影响。
当然,也有许多问题值得讨论
1.
关于秘鲁样本是近代华人混入的说法过于武断
Interestingly, sample FPG0005
from a Han ethnic group and HG01944 from Peru formed a special
subbranch of Q-M120. This result indicated that HG01944 from Peru
does not represent a new founding paternal lineage of Native
Americans but recent admixture from China.
从原文给出的树图看,FPG005和秘鲁QM120样本共祖年代在3400-3300年前,这个年代正是殷商年代,结合“殷人东渡说”,从逻辑上无法排除是属于殷人东渡的证据!而不能武断就认定是近代华人混合。写论文当然要逻辑严谨才行。
2.
Q-M120是文明传播者还是受影响者?
The culture of ancient
populations with Q-M120 individuals in northwestern China was
strongly influenced by ancient cultures of the Eurasian steppe,
including Bronze technology, sheep, wheat, horses, and chariots
(Zhang 2018).
原文认为QM120受到欧亚草原文明的影响,这仍然是武断的说法。参照横水北墓葬的华夏文明程度,以及中国历史记载,同时代欧亚草原有高于横水北的文明高度乎?
从而可以很清晰理解Q-M120是文明传播者,而不是被动受影响者。
3. Q-M120如何形成扩散?
Due to the limit number of
ancient DNA, we know little about the migration history of
population with Q-M120 between 15 kya and 5 kya. It is possible the
ancient populations with precursor of Q-M120 had moved to Northern
China at very ancient time and M120 emerged and expanded locally in
Northern China. Otherwise, it is also possible the ancient
populations with Q-M120 might have diffused to northern China at
relative recent age, corresponding to its initial expansion between
6.8 kya and 5 kya. Nevertheless, since most of sub-lineages and
samples of Q-M120 came from populations in East Asia, we proposed
an in-situ differentiation of this lineage in East Asia in the last
5000 years.
(1)Q起源于西北利亚,目前我没有异议。作者说到从1.5万年到5000年,QM120如何迁徙,知道很少。笔者待出版的第二本书有比较详细论证,这个时间正是Q族群迁徙西亚的时代。(同时最早向东迁徙一批到达美洲,迁徙美洲大家都理解,迁徙西亚大家往往无视。)
(2)该文认为QM120在中国西北形成扩张,或者在6800-5000年前扩散到中国北方,这都是基于有限的数据做的类似盲人摸象的结论。
笔者的《发现夏朝》一书已经科学证明了古埃及就是夏朝,古埃及人就是最早的华夏族,而从基因角度看,既然认可把QM120与华夏捆绑,那就必然得出古埃及人QM120高频。原文也一再强调QM120的古代分布与今天QM120分布大不相同。其实正是QM120从埃及迁徙东亚的证据!另外一方面,西方人一直不公布并掩盖古埃及人基因,这也是事实。
说Q-M120起源于西北,无法解释QM120的东南亚分支是如何形成,无法解释喜马拉雅南麓分支是如何形成。5000-3000年前是Q-M120扩张时代,这个扩张地点是在埃及。从埃及回迁东亚的线路有三条,可参考笔者博文:
5300-3000年前的古埃及华夏族迁徙路线_兵策儒剑_新浪博客
[url]http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6a4e1c6f0102xy2v.html[/url]
这三条路线都有大量考古证据支持,以及分支人类学数据支持,包括古DNA和QM120树图逻辑,比如摩尔多瓦QM120古DNA,这个古DNA与东南亚分支关系。(参考:研究论文通报:3100年前左右的黑海西岸遗址古DNA发现现代东亚类型Q-Y558_兵策儒剑_新浪博客
[url]http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6a4e1c6f0102xndz.html[/url])
西北路线主要是周人和祝融八姓后裔(包括楚王族)迁徙路线,这也是传统的华夏族起源西北的认识,因为华夏概念主要来自周人。而商人可能是走西南线从印度方向进入中国境内。东海海路线迁徙有炎帝系姜子牙祖先、伯益赢姓后裔(形成淮夷一部分)、夏朝大禹姒姓后裔一部分、祝融八姓诸稽后裔一部分等。
4.古DNA预言
目前的古DNA仍然是有限的,笔者的“埃夏一体论”证明中国东部沿海的5000-3000年前的新石器文化正是早期古埃及人传播的结果,包括良渚文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化等。因此笔者预言中国东部地区古DNA一定能发现QM120。但是遗憾的是,众所周知的原因,自殷墟古DNA测出“西亚类型”,原作者受到不公正对待之后,中国古DNA研究就有了很多忌讳,甚至畸形(造假者名利双收)。许多真相难以公布!连Q-M120是5000年扩张的北汉第一单倍群这样基础性认识都无法被揭示。
参考:[url]https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNTU3OTM5MA==&mid=2247487442&idx=1&sn=9c4c3665827d6f3d81941c3f661fe1a1&chksm=9b1b38c3ac6cb1d5c349174430895349404ea6dde82163491c4b8ec30ffd5914ac8481ad0188&token=428683233&lang=zh_CN#rd[/url]