美学者最新研究表明:在美洲印第安人和南阿尔泰人群之间共享一个很近的祖先

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杂谈 |
分类: 分子人类学研究 |
美学者最新研究表明,Q的更精细分析可以让我们重新构造Q系分支的衍生情况。在南部阿尔泰地区和美洲土著人群之间共享一个很近的祖先!
1 原文摘要:
http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(11)00549-0
Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians
Matthew C.
Dulik1,
Sergey I. Zhadanov1,
2,
Ludmila P. Osipova2,
Ayken Askapuli1,
3, Lydia
Gau1,
Omer Gokcumen1, 4,
Samara Rubinstein1, 5 and Theodore G.
Schurr1, http://www.cell.com/images/ajhg/REemail.gif
The Altai region of southern Siberia has played a critical role in
the peopling of northern Asia as an entry point into Siberia and a
possible homeland for ancestral Native Americans. It has an old and
rich history because humans have inhabited this area since the
Paleolithic. Today, the Altai region is home to numerous
Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, which have been divided into
northern and southern clusters based on linguistic, cultural, and
anthropological traits. To untangle Altaian genetic histories, we
analyzed mtDNA and Y
chromosome variation in northern and southern Altaian populations.
All mtDNAs were assayed by PCR-RFLP analysis and control region
sequencing, and the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome was
scored for more than 100 biallelic markers and 17 Y-STRs. Based on these data, we noted
differences in the origin and population history of Altaian ethnic
groups, with northern Altaians appearing more like Yeniseian,
Ugric, and Samoyedic speakers to the north, and southern Altaians
having greater affinities to other Turkic speaking populations of
southern Siberia and Central Asia. Moreover,
high-resolution analysis of Y chromosome haplogroup Q has allowed
us to reshape the phylogeny of this branch, making connections
between populations of the New World and Old World more apparent
and demonstrating that southern Altaians and Native Americans share
a recent common ancestor. These results greatly enhance
our understanding of the peopling of Siberia and the Americas.
2 新闻报道文章:
http://news.sohu.com/20120129/n333091504.shtml
美研究:北美原住民祖先来自俄罗斯阿尔泰共和国
美国宾州大学主导的研究团队26日在美国《人类遗传学》杂志发表研究指出,遗传标记(genetic marker)显示,约1.4万年至1.3万年前,部分阿尔泰人开始徒步横越白令陆桥(今日的白令海峡)到达美洲大陆。研究成果符合人类学学说,指远古人类从西伯利亚跨越现今的白令海进入美洲。
宾州大学人类学系副教授舒尔说:“阿尔泰地区在人类学上至关重要,因为数百万年来,多少人在这个地方来来去去。”此区域位于现今的俄罗斯、蒙古、中国与哈萨克斯坦交界处,而其中一个族群就是美洲原住民的祖先。约2.5万至2万年前,这些人携带亚洲的遗传谱系,越过白令陆块进入美洲大陆。
研究团队检验阿尔泰地区人民DNA样本的基因标记,粒线体DNA由母亲传下,Y染色体DNA则由父传子。他们也比较西伯利亚南部其它地区、中亚、蒙古、东亚与多个美洲原住民团体的DNA样本,由于样本众多,此次研究成果相当具有公信力。研究人员发现,美洲原住民与南部阿尔泰人的Y染色体DNA都有独特的“Q突变”,而两者的粒线体DNA也有相似之处。两种DNA都显示阿尔泰人与美洲原住民血统有关联。
舒尔的团队推测,大约2万至1.5万年前,一群阿尔泰人迁入美洲大陆,而在1.4万至1.3千万年前,留在原地阿尔泰人的遗传谱系开始变得跟迁出者不同。
目前还未有学者能提出明确证据,指出美洲原住民的其它发源地
- Q的诞生年代估计在1.7-2.2万年之间,从Q再突变成Q1a3a肯定更晚了。
- 前后矛盾:
“约1.4万年至1.3万年前,部分阿尔泰人开始徒步横越白令陆桥(今日的白令海峡)到达美洲大陆。”
“约2.5万至2万年前,这些人携带亚洲的遗传谱系,越过白令陆块进入美洲大陆。”
这个族群应该就是指图瓦人。他们的Y类型应以Q1a3a*为主。而印第安人几乎全部是Q1a3a的下游。

这说明Q1a3a*, 如果不是唯一,至少确实从印度东北部经云南四川北上的西南线应该是Q1a3a*的一条重要迁移路线。而对应历史事件就是藏缅语系形成,三星堆文明,青铜文明进入中原。Q1a3a*也是印巴次大陆上的古哈拉巴文明创造者。河南的Q1a3a*应是殷商后裔。