三、Aristotle 亚里士多德

1）A flatterer is a friend who is your inferior, or pretends to be so.

奉承者是你的下级，或假装是。

2）A friend is a second self.

朋友就是自己的另一半。

3）All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and desire.

所有的人类行为都是这七个原因造成的：机遇，本能，冲动，习惯，动机，热情和愿望（比一比鬼谷的捭合之道？）

4）All paid jobs absorb and degrade the mind.

有偿工作消磨和降低人的智力。

5）All virtue is summed up in dealing justly.

所有的美德都会在公正的显示在人的行为中。

6）Dignity consists not in possessing honors, but in the consciousness that we deserve them.

尊严不在于我们占有它，而在于我们意识到我们应该拥有它。

7）Education is the best provision for the journey to old age.

教育是人们通向年老过程中的最好保障。

8）Happiness depends upon ourselves.

快乐取决于我们自己。

9）It is in justice that the ordering of society is centered.

社会秩序的集中是不公正的。（今天看来似乎都还是有点道理的）

10）It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.

受过教育的标志是可以去思考一种思想而不去接受它。

11）It is unbecoming for young men to utter maxims.

让年轻人说格言是不合适的。（迂腐）

12）One swallow does not make a summer, neither does one fine day; similarly one day or brief time of happiness does not make a person entirely happy.

一燕不成夏，一暖不成春，向使长欢娱，岂是笑一声。（打油诗，不好意思）

13）Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.

工作有兴趣能结出完美成果（确实如此啊）

14）Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.

贫穷引起革命和犯罪（贫穷起盗心）

15）The gods too are fond of a joke.

上帝也爱开玩笑。

16）The moral virtues, then, are produced in us neither by nature nor against nature. Nature, indeed, prepares in us the ground for their reception, but their complete formation is the product of habit.

美德既不是与生具来的也不是脱离天性的。天性给了美德以土壤，但是美德的形成在于习惯。

17）The only stable state is the one in which all men are equal before the law.

最稳定的状态是法律面前人人平等。

18）Law is mind without reason.

法律是不用想就应该认为是理所当然的。

19）Man perfected by society is the best of all animals; he is the most terrible of all when he lives without law, and without justice.

社会化的人是凌驾于所有动物之上的；如果他不遵守法律，不遵守正义，那么他就会变成最恐怖的生物。

20）Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way... you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions.

人的气质来源于重复不断的做某事……如果你总是做正义的事，你就变得很争议；如果你总是做很随和的事，你就会变得很随和；如果你总是做很勇敢的事，你就会变得很勇敢。

21）To give a satisfactory decision as to the truth it is necessary to be rather an arbitrator than a party to the dispute.

要给真理做出一个满意的答案，那么你要去做一个仲裁者而不是对或错的某一方。（意思是去判断而不是站在某一面考虑问题）

22）To perceive is to suffer.

所谓感受即是遭受。

23）We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.

我们只是我们自己重复做出来的。完美不是一个行为而是一个习惯。

24）It is not always the same thing to be a good man and a good citizen.

一个好人和一个好市民有时候是两码事。

25）Evil brings men together.

人会因为罪恶而扎堆。（物以类聚，人以群分。看来还是中国人更高明一些，看问题更全面一些）。

26）Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.

不幸将能检验出哪些不是朋友（患难见真情，中国人看多，外国人看空）

27）Wretched, ephemeral race, children of chance and tribulation, why do you force me to tell you the very thing which it would be most profitable for you not to hear? The very best thing is utterly beyond your reach: not to have been born, not to be, to be nothing. However, the second best thing for you is: to die soon.

悲惨的短命的种族，处在危险中、磨难中的孩子，为什么你要我告诉你这些你其实最好不听的事情？对与你来说，最好的事是从来没有出生，没有生存，什么也不是，但是这些不是你所能决定的。然而，还好，你很快就会死掉。（人的一生是短暂的。不愧是哲学家）。

28）Hope is a waking dream.

希望就是醒着的梦。

29）Liars when they speak the truth are not believed.

说谎的人说真话的时候也没人相信。（看样骗术还不到家）

30）What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies.

什么是朋友？同样的灵魂分别装在不同的躯体里。

31）All men by nature desire knowledge.

所有自然出生的人都渴望知识（那时候还没有试管婴儿）

32）For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them.

对那些我们做之前我们必须了解的事物，我们通过做来了解。

33）It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way.

失败可能有无数的方式……而成功可能只有一种。（不见的，太偏激了。却少定语，应该是对某件事而言）

34）We make war that we may live in peace.

我们通过战争来获得可能的和平。

35）We must as second best...take the least of the evils.

我们是第二好……至少还有魔鬼（有些人比魔鬼还可怕，这真是文字游戏，最早的脑筋急转弯，没什么意思）

26）Without friends no one would choose to live, though he had all other goods.

没有朋友的话，没有人愿意活着，即使他还有其他所有事物（偏激）

27）In the arena of human life the honours and rewards fall to those who show their good qualities.

在人生的角逐场上，荣誉和回报将会给予那些显示优秀品质的人（你做梦吧，该醒醒了）

28）Time crumbles things; everything grows old under the power of Time and is forgotten through the lapse of Time.

时间挤碎一切事物。所有的事物都在时间的压力下慢慢变老，在时间的罅隙中遗忘。

29）A state is not a mere society, having a common place, established for the prevention of mutual crime and for the sake of exchange...Political society exists for the sake of noble actions, and not of mere companionship.

一个国家不仅是一个社会——一个普通的地方，防止犯罪，交易……政治社会的存在是为了高尚的行为，而不是相处。（古代人在思索人为什么活在一起，就象造神一样，造出了一个“高尚”。但是这样易使社会形成一种秩序。纯属于强迫症）

30）Again, men in general desire the good, and not merely what their fathers had.

又一次，人们在期望着美好的事物——不仅仅是他们父辈所拥有的。

31）Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered.

即使法律已经是书定的，它也不是一成不变的。（哲学家。时间是流动的，不可能用固定的东西描述流动的东西）

32）He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god.

不愿意在社会里生活的，或因为对现状满足而不需要的人，他要么是野兽，要么是上帝。（屁话，知道什么叫隐士吗？）

33）Law is order, and good law is good order.

法律就是秩序，好的法律就是好的秩序。

34）Nature does nothing uselessly.

自然界不做无用功。

35）The basis of a democratic state is liberty.

民主的前提是自由。（都是相对的）

36）The best political community is formed by citizens of the middle class.

最好的政治社会是有中产阶级构成的。（真是令人惊奇，2000多年的哲学家语言当今的社会）

37）Well begun is half done.

好的开始是成功的一半。（我怀疑这句话可能有更早的出处）

38）A likely impossibility is always preferable to an unconvincing possibility.

一个很不可能总是相当于一个不可信的可能。（有意思吗？有意思吗？你是贫嘴大妈啊）

39）A whole is that which has beginning, middle and end.

所谓整个就是开始、中间、结束。（幼稚，这是一个不定的概念。东西南北中不算了？）

40）It is simplicity that makes the uneducated more effective than the educated when addressing popular audiences.

在给普通大众演讲时，未受教育的朴直反而比受教育的人更有效率。