来源：上海新东方学校

Part B

解析

 〔宏观阅读〕

今年的Part B出乎了大家的预计，考察的是排序题这种题型。很多考生对于这种题型非常陌生，因此感觉难度较前几年 有明显增加，具体体现在以下几个方面：

1．  自2005年考研大纲改革以来，2005、2006、2008、2009考察的都是7选5的题型，2007年考察的是概述大意题。排序题是唯一 一个没有出现过的题型，因此很多考生并没有重视该类考题。上了考场由于底气不足而倍感压力。

2．  真题的难度较 之大纲样题有明显提升。首先大纲样题给出的确定段落是首末段，这能够帮助考生迅速把握文章的结构和主题而真题给出的确定段落是第四段，这样对主题的把握难 度明显上升。其次大纲样题中的剩余5个段落全部要选择，而真题却是在6段中选择正确的5段，其中有一段为干扰选项，这对考生的解题又提出了更高的要求。

3．  本文选自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》（The Mckinsey Quartly）。这已经是这本著名的经济管理类杂志 第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。原文的名字叫“A wholesale shift in European groceries”,翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转 型”。文章的作者是三位麦肯锡集团在快速消费品行业的咨询师Javier Castrillo, Jose Manuel Martinez, 和 Dieter Messner。整个文章 主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商（主要是连锁大超市集团）在欧洲面临的困境——增长乏力。而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。值 得注意的是，考研命题的专家在出题的时候，把原文的段落进行了组合和删减。原文中的一段，在题目中便成了两段，而原文中一个段落的末尾，在考题中又和下一 段的开头拼接在了一起，形成了一个新的段落。这给我们做题带来了困难。

4．  就题型本身而 言，排序题也是三种备选题型中最难的一种，对于众多考生是一种巨大的挑战。因为排序题最大的特点就是要不不错，要是做错的话就是一连串的错误。而7选5或概述大意题至少能确保几个选项的正确性。 因此排序题本身的不确定性也增加了考生获得高分的难度。

〔分析选项〕

所谓分析选项就是指首先可以先扫描一下选项，把每个选项中的特征词，如重复出现的词、时间、数字、连 词、代词、同义词或者反义词还有一些特殊的标点符号等标注出来。其次要概述每个选项的大意，最后学会对于上下文的一种预测。

A．The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.

本选项开头就说第一种也是和重要的一种就是消费者越来越倾向于外出就餐，这就说明前文中肯定出现的是 一种分类，才能用第一这样的结构。而本段最后出现了并列的连词meanwhile，前句讲述了第一种，之后还有第二种：觉得在家就餐是一种更为实际的选择。说明一共分为两类，而这 两个则是对比的关系。

B．Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

本选项开头出现的是零售发展停滞不前的概念，最后一句出现了强转折的but，表明后面的批发才是作者真正要阐述的 概念。预测后文中都应该是重点强调批发，而零售只是一个引子。

C． Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy. At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

本选项开头出现了such variation，末句出现了this change的 指代词，也就表明本选项之前的段落肯定讲述的是一种变化。

D．All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.

本选项开头出现了all in all，表明是对上一段落的总结：掌握了批发的经验就能搜寻潜在的利润，即依然概述了批发的好处。本选项 后半段则介绍了两个市场的区别以及需求掌握新的技术。

E．Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

本选项首先出现despite variation，表明前段中讲述的是一种变化。最后出现了两种相反的 趋势，表明后文中肯定是一个两类的分类列举，而且两个是相反的。

F．For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

本选项开头出现了举例，之后出现了moreover表示递进（递进也是一种另类的并列平行）也就是本段是前一段的具体的例证，而例子说明的都是批发发 展速度超过零售，可以预见上一段应该是讲述批发好于零售。最后一句出现了change变化予以关注，因为选项C和选项E都有变化的概念。

G．However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

本选项开头出现的强转折however, 有出现了指代词these requirement。表明前 一段应该讲述的是零售商的某些需求，而且这些需求是很重要的，不然会妨碍获得利润。选项最后还强调了批发商从尝试到能够有客观的收入的一种变化。

〔选择答案〕

41. [答案] B

       排除法。选项A “The first and more important is”得出不能为首 句，C、D、F、G的首句都是带有总结、转折等的意思，均不能成为首句。B选项首句提出 欧洲食品零售所面临的问题，符合首段提出问题，即文章主旨的写作原则。

       42. [答案] F

       首段最后一句话表示“食品零售商忽视了一个潜在的市场，即他们身边的食品批发市场”，而在选项F的首句，即举例说明若干国家食品批发规模比食品零售要大40%。因此可以断定该句是对首段的例证。

       43. [答案] D

       第二段是对食品批发优势的介绍，D选项则是对上文的内容进行总结。F段和D段紧密衔接，D段中的this指代the wholesale food and drink trade。

       44. [答案] G

       根据上文的“particular abilities”及“new skills and unfamiliar business models are needed”，找到G选项中对应的“these requirements”。

       45. [答案] A

       根据已知段落E中的重点信息variations, two opposing trends等，可以推知其后的段落为A或C项，对比一下两个选项，A项与E项末尾的two opposing trends衔接紧密，且内容一致，故顺序为：EA，C项为干扰项。

〔中文翻译〕

       欧洲最大的食品和饮料零售市场发展停滞了，因此很多欧洲杂货零售商都急于寻找新的发展机遇。一些市 场领先者已经尝试了网购，也初见成效，还有一些试图扩展国外市场。但是大家都忽略了一个最大的，最具盈利空间的市场：食品和饮料批发，这正是市场零售商所 需要的。

       例如，2000年法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国的批发销量达到了2680亿美金，超过了零售总额的40%，而且批发的平均利润率也超过零售。 此外更多的欧洲人更经常出外就餐，使得食品服务业的批发需求也越来越大。这一无领导者产业中竞 争因素的变化，最终使得批发商能巩固他们的市场。

       总之，显然大的零售商可以适用其庞大的规模，现有基础设施，并在产品种类，物流管理方面运用出色的 技能和市场情报在这个批发市场获利。掌握欧洲批发市场中错综复杂的细节，零售商也能因此获得更多的潜在的利润。至少，总体看上去之这样的。经过仔细观察会 发现不同的国家市场存在巨大的差别，特别是他们的客户群体和批发结构和具有竞争力的个人食品和饮料的种类。想要掌控欧洲批发市场，并有能力争夺小规模和根 深蒂固的竞争者的市场，大零售商必须理解这些区别。同时还需要掌握新的技术和一些不熟的商业模型。

       然而，这些要求都不因该成为大的零售商（甚至那些大型的食品生产商和现有的批发商）尝试的障碍。因 为那些能够掌握欧洲批发市场细节的人也能获得相当的利润。

       尽管在细节上每个国家不尽相同，但通过对法国、德国、意大利和西班牙的批发市场的仔细调研，我们发 现他们的市场基础都是一样的。需求主要源于两个地方：第一是独立的夫妻老婆店，这类杂货店通常不像大型零售连锁企业，他们规模比较小，也不能直接从生产商 处获得产品；第二类是食品服务提供商，他们主要满足消费者不想在家吃饭的需求。这类服务商包含很多种类，从小吃服务到大型餐饮企业，但这些宾馆，饭店和咖 啡店运用的都主要是“horeca 一种传统的销售渠道”的销售模式。总体而言，欧洲食品饮料批发市场增长幅度和零售市场一样缓慢，然而 把数据加在一起，揭示出两个相反的趋势。

       第一比较重要的趋势是消费者越来越倾向于外出吃饭：外出吃饭对食品和饮料的消费占总消费的比例从1995年的32%上升到2000年的35%，预计到2005年将接近38%。这一发展使得欧洲对食品服务业的需求 每年上升4-5个 百分点，与之相比零售需求上升约1-2个百分点。同时由于衰退的趋势日渐明朗，人们也越来越担心。人们会更少的消费（把钱包管得更紧），并 认为在家吃饭是一个现实的选择。

〔附原文〕

（B）Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。

（F） For example,（原文中没有，为命题专家添加，为了让考生识别此段和上段的关 系） wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。（D）此处为命题专家分的段落，原文中是一个段落All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.

（原文中此处重起一段）Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole.（这两句命题专家对原文有所改写） Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics。（原文中此处还有两句，被命题专家省略）（G） However （原 文中此处是But）, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。

 （原文中此处出现小标题：A map of wholesaling. 下面是题目中的E段。命题专家对E段也略加改写，省略了原文中的一 段，而E段最后一句在原文中是一个段落的第一句，后面紧接着的，是题目中的A段，这也就解释了为什么一个有着“first“这种词打头的段落成为题目排序的 最后一段，命题专家这么做，反技巧的倾向很明显。）

（A）The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation。