肺癌有非常明确的高危人群—长期大量吸烟者。医学统计学资料显示，吸烟指数（吸烟的年数乘以每日吸烟的支数，单位为年支）大于400的人群肺癌患病率比不吸烟人群高20倍以上。另外大气污染也是肺癌高发的一个危险因素，世界各地的资料均显示，城市的肺癌发病率高于农村。

另外在我国云南个旧和宣威是肺癌肺癌发病率极高的两个地区。个旧肺癌患者多为锡矿采矿工人，被认为与以砷为主的矿尘和氡以及氡子体等有害物质被吸入肺内有密切关系。而宣威的肺癌发病与当地的生活燃煤多为烟煤有很大关系。

     由于晚期肺癌的治疗效果不佳，早诊早治就成了肺癌防治的重要手段。如何才能做到早期诊断呢？

第一，我们提倡45岁以上居民每年做健康体检，体检应包括拍摄X线正侧位胸片。如果你是一个烟民，就是35岁，也应该每年参加健康体检。如果你是一个重度烟民，每天抽两包，抽了30年、40年了，每半年就要做一次胸部的体检，这简单易行、经济实惠的早期发现肺癌最好的办法。有条件的地区和单位，对于55岁以上的中重度烟民应进行胸部低剂量螺旋CT的筛查。

第二点就是症状就诊。如果出现刺激性干咳，痰中带血，有血痰，平时也咳嗽，但是咳嗽的规律，咳嗽的习惯跟以前不一样了，这些症状要警惕，要到医院及时就诊，拍摄胸片。

在我们临床工作中，经常遇到肺癌患者被误诊为肺结核或肺部感染等其他疾病，到胸外科医生介入时疾病已达晚期，很令人痛心。要想改善此种状况，一方面应高加强各科医生的肺癌防治知识的继续教育，另一方面发挥肺癌中心的多学科优势，肺癌中心成员应包括胸外科、呼吸科、肿瘤客、放射科以及病理科等科室医务人员，对疑似肺癌的患者进行多学科会诊，及早作出诊断并有针对性的进行个体化治疗。也可以使肺癌多学科综合治疗落在实处。首都医科大学肺癌诊疗中心五年来的运行模式也充分证明了这一点，胸外科医生要成为胸部肿瘤外科专家，要积极参与控烟与肺癌防治工作和科普宣传工作

要大力推广肺癌治疗前临床分期

要规范肺癌外科手术常规清扫纵隔淋巴结

要积极开展肺癌术后辅助化疗的临床研究

要加强学习掌握肺癌诊疗新技术和新药物

要重视物理靶向治疗手段和分子靶向药物相结合

要倡导肺癌多学科综合治疗！多开展“话疗”工作！

The following advances are under investigation in clinical trials and may not be approved or available at this time. Always discuss all diagnostic and treatment options with your doctor.

Personalized therapy. Research has identified specific characteristics of patients and their tumors that can predict whether a certain chemotherapy or targeted therapy may work. To collect this information, patients will increasingly be asked to undergo additional analyses of the tumor samples obtained at the time of diagnosis. In the majority of patients where chemotherapy is recommended, not enough tumor tissue was removed during the biopsy that was used to diagnose their cancer for these additional studies. These patients will be asked to undergo additional biopsies to help plan therapy and, if part of a clinical trial, to aid the research to discover better ways to fight lung cancer. Learn more about clinical trials.

Targeted therapies. The future of lung cancer therapy lies in the development of targeted therapy. There are hundreds of new anticancer drugs now being studied both in the laboratory and in clinical trials. Learn more about Understanding Targeted Treatments.

Better techniques for surgery and radiation therapy. Doctors are finding ways to improve the effectiveness of surgical and radiologic procedures while reducing the side effects of these procedures. Advances in all types of treatment will improve the ability of doctors to combine chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery for the treatment of patients with all stages of lung cancer.

Improved screening. Lung cancer is most curable in its early stages. This has raised interest in screening patients for lung cancer before it grows to the point that it causes symptoms. There are currently no proven screening tests for lung cancer. Advances in imaging techniques, such as low-dose, helical CT scanning, are currently under investigation, and may result in better methods to detect lung cancer early. In the future, molecules detected in the blood or sputum may suggest the presence of lung cancer before it shows up on a CT scan.

Reduced tobacco use. Even with the best methods for the early detection and treatment of lung cancer, the best way to save lives from lung cancer is through programs to reduce cigarette smoking. For most people, lung cancer is a highly preventable disease. Even for people with lung cancer, stopping smoking lets people live longer, lowers side effects, and lessens the chance of getting a second lung cancer. Quitting smoking is hard at any time, and even more so during cancer treatment. The health-care team can help make it easier to quit smoking with nicotine replacement and other techniques.