2013届英语小题卷----4

董   朝

I  单选题

1. _____ going to the program “If you are the one”, he was rather concerned about being turned down in public.

 A. Much as he liked                           B. However he liked

 C.As he liked much                           D.As much he liked

解析：考查让步状语从句。当as引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装，即连系动词后的表语或动词后的状语要提前。

 

2. The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

  A. which          B. that                 C. as                  D. what

解析：考查同位语从句。…the earth… 后的从句是说明前面抽象名词the fact的内容的，即等同关系。又，后面的从句又不缺成分。所以，用连接词that。

 

3. The money collected should be made good use _____ the people who suffered great losses in the earthquake.

  A. of to help        B. to help               C. of helping              D. to helping

解析：考查句子结构。句中的谓语主要就是make good use of 这个结构。本题考的是其被动结构。可以用还原法解决，即还原成主动句：We should make good use of the money collected to help …。

 

4. ---Remember the first time we met?

   ---Sure. You _____ in the supermarket.

 A. shopped              B. have shopped            C. had shopped            D. were shopping

解析：考查过去进行时态。本题是通过讲述过去某一时刻即第一次见面的时候，正在做的事情。通过语境提示过去正在进行的动作。

 

5. ---How dangerous it was!

   ---Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl _____ .

 A. had been drowned                              B. might be drowned

 C. would have been drowned                 D. must have been drowned

解析：考查but for引导的含蓄虚拟语气。通过对话中was的提示，可知道事情发生在过去，与过去事实相反if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的主句就是would/ could/ might/ should have done。

 

6. Various summer camps being available, we can choose _____ based on our own interest.

A. either                  B. each                      C. one                       D. it

解析：考查代词的用法。either是两者中的任意一个；each每一个，整体中单个；one指可数名词中的任意一个，泛指；it指上文中所提到的名词或事实。

 

7. You can’t catch the charm of English poetry _____ you understand its rhyme.

A. if                    B. unless               C. though             D. while

解析：考查条件状语从句。根据句意，本题是指相反的事实，只有unless才表达这个意思。

8. I hope that the little _____ I’ve been able to do has been of some use.

A. which        B. what         C. that                  D. when
解析：考查定语从句。本题考定语从句关系代词that的特殊用法：当先行词是不定代词all, both, little等时，只能用that，不能用which。

 

9. Thanks to the Internet, now every day we receive _____ we did 20 years ago.

A. as five times much information as        B. much information as five times as    

C. as much information as five times      D. five times as much information as

解析：考查倍数的表达形式。倍数的表达方式：倍数+as + 形容词（名词）或副词+ as；倍数+ the size/ width/ depth/ length … of + 比较对象；倍数+ 比较级+than+ 比较对象。

 

10. —Did you get to the railway station on time?

   —Sure. The city center wasn’t as crowded this morning as it usually _____.

A. is                 B. was               C. has been             D. had been

解析：考查时态。通过句意可以看出，城市的拥挤的现在与过去相比，即以前没有现在拥挤。

 

11. In the weeks before the Academy Awards Ceremony, movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors _____.

A. have awarded                            B. will award

C. are awarded                             D. will be awarded

解析：考查时态。根据句意，可以看出是猜测将来被授奖的电影和明星。

 

12. Judging from the date _____ on the gold coin, we can tell that it was made 500 years ago.

A. being marked        B. marked           C. to mark                D. to be marked

解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。从句意可以看出，日期和印的关系式被动，相当于：the date which was marked… 。

 

13. For a moment nothing happened, then _____ all shouting together.

A. voices had come     B. did voices come     C. came voices     D. voices would come

解析：考查特殊句式中的完全倒装。当表示地点，时间或方位的介词短语放在句首时，主谓完全倒装（当主语是代词是除外）。

 

14. The students wonder _____ good the course will do to their future jobs.

A. which                     B. what                     C. whether              D. why

解析：考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。宾语从句中，要强调名词或者形容词或副词时，可用what +（a/ an +adj.）+名词 +主谓和其他；how + 形容词/副词+名词 +主谓和其他。

 

15. ______ in a top-level university abroad is what many students wish for.

A. Educated         B. Being educated       C. To educate             D. Educating

解析：考查非谓语动词。doing的形式相当于名词作主语，通过句意的理解，本题是讲授教育，表示被动，即being done。

 

II  阅读

A

According to the new research, individuals who touch possible items in stores, are more likely to have an increased desire to purchase them than those who keep their hands off the products.

The researchers conducted four studies on the connection between touch and feelings of ownership and the effect of perceived(抓住) ownership on the value placed on an object. For one of the experiments, the experts placed two products, a Slinky toy and a coffee mug(杯)in front of the volunteers, undergraduate students. About half of the participants were offered to touch the products, while the other half were asked not to touch them. The volunteers then were asked to express their sense of ownership of the products and to report how much money they were willing to pay for each. The results showed that those students who were offered to touch the objects, reported significant increased levels of perceived ownership. They also expressed a desire to pay more money to obtain the products.

Researchers said that many stores already follow _the_right_path. But what can be done while shopping online, when touching of an item is not possible?

The researchers added an extra layer to their experiment. After the participants either touched or did not touch the Slinky toy and the coffee mug, they were asked to imagine choosing the products and bringing it home. The other half of students were asked to simply evaluate the objects in their minds. As a result, for those students who were asked to touch a product, it did not matter how much money they would be willing to pay after imagining its ownership. However, among those who were not allowed to touch the products — a group that shares the same hands — free experience as online shoppers — imagination of the ownership resulted in significantly higher valuations of the products.

When you touch an object, you immediately feel some kind of a connection to it, according to the researchers. That connection stirs up an emotional reaction. And that emotion can make people to buy something they never even would consider buying if they had not touched it.

 

 16. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Don't touch products while shopping

B. Be far away from products while shopping

C. Marketing strategy about touch and feelings

D. How to avoid making unnecessary purchases

17. From the preparation of the study, we can know that ______.

A. all the participants were glad to take the products away for free

B. a Slinky toy and a coffee mug were used to convey no information

C. all the participants were offered to get hold of the products they saw

D. a Slinky toy and a coffee mug were used to attract the volunteers' attention

18. The underlined part “the right path” in Paragraph 3 possibly means ______.

A. talking customers into purchasing the products by showing the products

B. offering customers an opportunity to “feel” the products by touching them

C. persuading customers to buy the products by keeping their hands off the products

D. forcing customers to pay more money for the products by touching customers' hands

19. By writing the fourth paragraph, the author intends to ______.

A. warn Internet users not to touch the products advertised on the Internet

B. give advertisers suggestions on strategic planning for ads on the Internet

C. advise Internet users not to imagine or evaluate the products in their minds

D. remind advertisers of the advertisement effectiveness for ads on the Internet

20. Why does the touch of products increase the desire to purchase them?

A. Because touching something gives one that little sense of control.

B. Because one feels some kind of a connection at once by touching them.

C. Because one may be afraid to damage them and has to make a purchase.

D. Because touching something makes one feel pleasant and imagine the ownership.

 

解析：

触碰到商品就会增加购买欲。研究人员通过研究表明了这一点，对网上购物不能直接接触，也可以通过激发购买者想象接触商品的画面提高购买欲。科学家解释说，这是因为触碰到商品，就和商品产生了某种关系，这种关系激发一种情感，而激发人们的购买欲的正是这种情感。

16. A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“只要触碰到商品，就有可能买本不想买的东西”；但没说不能看，B错；C只是文章中的一小点；D范围太大。故选A。

17. B　细节理解题。根据第二段的准备活动，有一半人碰商品，另一半不碰，C错；A是结果且还是错误的；选用玩具和咖啡杯目的是这些东西本身对大学生无吸引力，因为这个研究的目的就是证明碰商品会增加购买欲望且愿意多付款，所以选用这些东西才能保证研究的公平。故选B。

18. B　细节理解题。第三段是对第二段的研究结果的总结。研究结果表明：触碰到商品会增加购买欲，故对商家来说正确的路就是要想方设法地让顾客多碰商品。故选B。

19. B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知第四段谈的是网上购物的情况。而第四段的最后一句…imagination of the ownership resulted in significantly higher valuations of the products.表明想象拥有会导致对商品的高估。A本身就是错误的；该段的主题是商家而不是网民，C项最具迷惑性；D项范围太大。故选B。

20. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知。触碰到商品，就和商品产生了某种关系，这种关系激发一种情感，而激发人们的购买欲的正是这种情感，由此可推知这种情感削弱了人们的控制能力。B项只提到了一半；C项在文章中没有提到；触碰到商品的感觉可能有好有坏，故D错。故选A。

 

B

In a recent study, researchers have estimated the _energy_ required to produce bottled water, including the energy required to manufacture plastic, make the plastic into bottles, process the water, fill and seal the bottles, transport the bottles, and chill the bottles for use. Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution, researchers found that producing bottled water requires between 5.6 and 10.2 million joules(焦耳) of energy per liter, depending on transportation factors. That's up to 2, 000 times the energy required to produce tap water.

To break down the _energy_requirements,_researchers found that producing the plastic bottles and transporting the bottles greatly dominated(控制) the energy input. Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, the researchers calculated that the manufacturing cost is about 4 million joules of energy per plastic bottle weighing 38 grams, and the cap weighing 2 grams.

“Our previous work had suggested that bottled water production was an energy­intensive process, but we were surprised to see the results, ” the researchers said.

Transportation costs vary depending on the distance and mode of transport, and both factors depend on the type of bottled water. There are two main kinds of bottled water in the US: “ _spring_water”， which comes from an underground spring; and “purified water”， which is city tap water that has received further treatment. For purified water distributed locally by truck within Los Angeles, the total transportation energy is about 1.4 million joules per liter. In the second situation, spring water shipped from Fiji (such as Fiji Spring Water) across the Pacific to Los Angeles, and then delivered locally by truck, requires about 4 million joules per liter for transportation. For the spring water, the transportation energy equaled (in the case of Fiji) the energy required to produce the bottle.

With this data, the researchers hope that future studies will have the ability to make specific estimates for different situations, and possibly find ways to cut energy costs.

 

 21. From the first Paragraph we can know that the energy required to ______.

A. produce bottled water includes the energy required to drink it

B. distribute bottled water includes the energy for producing the bottles

C. distribute bottled water is much smaller than the energy for treating it

D. produce bottled water is much smaller than the energy for producing tap water

22. To reduce the energy required to produce bottled water, some companies are trying ______.

A. to fill tap water into the plastic bottles directly

B. to replace the plastic bottles with metal containers

C. to produce lightweight bottles with recycled materials

D. to use bicycles to transport and deliver bottled water locally

23. What's Paragraph 4 mainly talking about?

A. Treatment of bottled water needs no energy input at all.

B. Bottled water production is an energy­intensive process.

C. Transportation of bottled water takes up the most energy input.

D. Production of the plastic bottles greatly dominated the energy input.

24. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. there are two main kinds of bottled water in the US

B. world consumption of  bottled water has been increasing

C. transportation costs have something to do with the mode of transport

D. bottled water produced in Spring is more expensive than purified water

25. What's the main purpose of the passage?

A. To help consumers themselves make more environmentally sustainable choices.

B. To advise the government to take severe measures to stop producing bottled water.

C. To urge the consumers to drink tap water instead of bottled water for the sake of the earth.

D. To try the best to find ways to produce bottled water cheaply and quickly for the companies.

 

解析：

研究人员发现瓶装水所消耗的能量是自来水的2000倍，进一步研究发现处理水不需什么能量，消耗的大量的能量都用在了装水和运水上。研究人员希望通过研究找出削减能源消耗的方法，作者的目的是希望通过这篇文章引起大家对这件事的注意，自觉采取措施保护环境。

21. B　细节理解题。根据第一段的Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution可知，生产瓶装水所消耗的能量含两部分：处理和分发，但不包含喝水时消耗的能量。该段最后谈到生产瓶装水的能量是自来水的2000倍，分发水和处理水的能量对比本段没有提到。故选B。

22. C　细节理解题。根据第二段的Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials可知。故选C。

23. C　主旨大意题。文章第三段就对第四段的内容作了提示，第四段对比了几种水的运输能量，最后一句更以泉水作例子，运输能量就等于生产能量。故选C。

24. B　推理判断题。最后一段表明研究人员希望进一步研究能找出削减能量的方法，由此可推断，瓶装水本身就消耗能量，且由于其消费不断攀升，导致问题越来越严重，从而导致了这个研究。根据第四段，A和C是事实；D是错误的。故选B。

25. A　态度观点题。此题最好用排除法。文章中根本没有提到政府要停止生产瓶装水，也没有建议只喝自来水，更没有谈到是想帮助某些公司。最后一段提到了研究的目的是找到削减能量的方法。作者写这篇文章的目的是给广大的消费者看的，是想告诉消费者这个问题的严重性。故选A。

 

III  阅读填空

Some children are natural­born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “Operates under the theory of what's mine is mine and what's yours is mine，” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat­up ones.”　　“Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an inheritable trait(特征)，” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.

Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. “Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behaviour，” says family psychologist John Taylor. “Children，” he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness and a desire to feel safe. It's the parents' role to provide that protection.”

When a “boss child” doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.

“I see more and more parents giving up their power，” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. ”

So for the sake of the children, parents should be strict with them in a suitable way and get more knowledge to be good parents.

 

 

 

Title: 26. ________

       

        本文为说明文。文章谈论了生活中有两种孩子。一种是天生发号施令者， 另一种是非天生发号施令者。这与其父母教育有关。

 

1. Bossy children　概括题。文章主要是谈论“Bossy children”的典型特征以及产生环境。

2. natural­born　直接题。根据第二段“Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an inheritable trait…”可得知。

3. managing their environment　直接题。根据第一段Some children are natural­born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. 可得知。

4. learning limits　改写题。根据第四段When a “boss child” doesn't learn limits at home…可得知。  

5. Causes/Reasons　概括题。从表格对应的内容可推知。      

6. (feelings of) weakness　直接题。根据第三段…he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness…”可得知。          

7. less confidence　直接题。根据倒数第二段“…But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills.” 可得知。

8. lonely and anxious　改写题。根据   倒数第三段It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways. 和倒数第二段“…Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. ”可得知。

9. Suggestions/Tips/Advice　概括题。

10. good parents　直接题。从最后一段…parents should be strict with them in a suitable way and get more knowledge to be good parents. 可得知。