这是博主Issy根据学生现有水平和近几年教学经验编写的词汇自学材料，原创文章，未经许可不得转载。

IssyCollegeEnglish扩大词汇量的六大原则:

Context(语境), Collocation(搭配), Classification(分类归纳), Association(联想), Word-formation(构词), English meanings(英文释义)。

【CET6备考•背单词】

亲爱的们，本学期第10周测试综合教程2Unit7-Text A The Glorious Messiness of English中的四级（黑正体）和六级词汇（黑正体后加★）。

41. parade n. 游行；阅兵队列

42. manufacturer n. 制造商

43. core n. the most important part of anything; the hard central part of certain fruits 核心；果核

44. B.C. (short for) before Christ 公元前（耶稣基督出生前）Christ / kraɪst /  

45. theory n. a scientifically acceptable explanation; general principles as opposed to practical skills 学说，说法；理论

46. wolf n.狼

47. tribe n.部落

48. pass sth on to sb hand or give sth to sb 将…传给…  

49. Christian /ˈkrɪstʃən/ n.基督徒adj. 基督教的 Christianity /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/n. 基督教

50. sovereign adj.拥有最高统治权的，至高无上的；拥有主权的

sovereignty/ˈsɔvrəntɪ/ n [U] (fml 文)最高统治权，君权；国家的主权

51. Renaissance /ˈrenəˌsɑːns/ n.（欧洲14-16世纪的）文艺复兴

52. capsule n. 密封小容器；胶囊；航天舱  

53. catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfɪ/ n.a sudden great disaster 大灾难

54. thermometer /θəˈmɔmɪtə(r)/ n. 温度计

55. academy n. 学会，学院，研究院

56. shoot n. a new growth from a plant 嫩芽，新枝

57. preserve n. 禁猎地，保护区vt. 保护，保存

综合教程2 Unit7-Text A Words and Phrases to Drill

The Glorious Messiness of English

 

1.         massive adj. large in scale, amount, or degree 大量的，大规模的

[word family] mass

n.大量, 众多 a mass of spectators 大批观众

adj. 群众的; 人数极多的a mass audience 广大听众

 

The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages.

我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语言的历史。

 

2.         snack n. small meal快餐，点心

[Collocation搭配] snack bar 快餐柜，小吃店

 

3.         corrupt v. cause errors to appear in; cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains讹用，使语言变得不标准；腐蚀，贿赂

e.g. 贿赂官员corrupt an official

 

The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language.

但法国人不喜欢借用外来词，因为他们认为这样会损害法语的纯洁性。

 

4.         ban v. forbid (sth.) officially 禁止，取缔

e.g. She's been banned from driving for six months. 已禁止她开车, 为期六个月。

 

The government tries to ban words from English and declares that Walkman is not desirable.

法国政府试图逐出英语词汇，宣称Walkman（随身听）一词有伤大雅。

 

5.         fascinating adj. of great interest or attraction迷人的，有极大吸引力的

e.g. The novel has a fascinating plot. 这本小说情节引人入胜。

[word family] fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt / v. attract or interest (sb) greatly 使…着迷或极感兴趣: The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window. 孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了.

6.         strictly speaking:严格地讲

7.         invent v. create (a thing or idea that never existed before) 发明

[word family] invention n.

 

Walkman is fascinating because it isn't even English. Strictly speaking, it was invented by the Japanese manufacturers who put two simple English words together to name their product.

Walkman一词非常耐人寻味，因为这个词连英语也不是。严格地说，该词是由日本制造商发明的，他们把两个简单的英语单词拼在一起来命名他们的产品。

 

8.         tolerance n. willingness to accept or allow behavior, beliefs, etc. which one does not like or agree容忍，宽容；忍耐

[word family] tolerate v.

9.         to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: 在（极大、某种）程度上

 

That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.

这种乐意包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的精神，恰好解释了英语为什么会这么丰富，解释了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。

 

10.     necessity n.必需品；必要（性）

[word family] necessary adj. 必需的

e.g. Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life.

衣﹑食﹑住所是生活的基本必需品.

 

11.     arouse v. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude) 唤醒；激起

e.g. 她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑。Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.

 

Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions.

伟大的演说家常常用古英语来激发我们的情感。

 

12.     channel n.海峡；渠道；频道

English Channel英吉利海峡

 

13.     surrender v. give in投降

We shall never surrender. 我们决不投降。

 

14.     for effect: in order to impress people or make people notice为了增强效果，为了引起注意

e.g. 他稍微停顿了一下以加强讲话效果，然后说，“我们可以通过新的渠道进入这些市场”。He paused for effect, then said: “We can enter these markets through new channels.”

 

A writer can mix different words from different backgrounds for effect.

作家为了加强效果可以糅合来自不同背景的不同词汇。

 

15.     invade v. enter with armed forces侵入，侵略

[word family] invasion n.

e.g. 二战期间，日本侵略中国时对中国人犯下了众多严重罪行。

Japan committed many serious crimes against the Chinese people when it invaded China during the Second World War.

 

When Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 B.C., English did not exist.

尤利乌斯·凯撒在公元前55年入侵不列颠时，英语尚不存在。

 

16.     inhabit v. live in (a place) 居住于

[word family] inhabitant n.（某地的）居民, , 栖息的动物: the local inhabitants 当地居民

 

The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh.

当时不列颠的居民凯尔特人使用的那些语言流传下来主要成了威尔士语。

 

17.     mystery n. sth which cannot be explained神秘的事物

[word family] mysterious /mɪˈstɪərɪəs/ adj. 神秘的

Where those languages came from is still a mystery, but there is a theory.

这些语言的起源至今仍是个不解之谜，但有一种理论试图解开这个谜。

 

18.     resemble v. be like or similar to与……相似

[word family] resemblance n.

e.g. 汤姆和他爸爸的长相和性格都相似。

Tom resembles his father both in appearance and in character.

 

Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin.

两个世纪前，在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到，梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似。

 

19.     systematic adj. done according to a system有系统的

[word family] system n.

20.     descend v. come down (from a source); going down 起源于；下降，下来

[word family]

descendant / diˈsendənt /n. 后代，后裔 descent n.出身,血统; 祖先;祖籍

e.g. He is of French descent.他祖籍法国。a man of high descent出身名门的人

 

A systematic study reveals that many modern languages descended from a common parent language.

系统的研究显示，许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语。

 

[word-formation]词根-scend = to climb (爬,攀)

ascend=a-( to,toward)+scend v. 上升，升高

descend= de-(down)+ scend n. 下降，（财产等）一代一代传下来

transcend= tran-(over,across)+ scend v. vt.超越（经验﹑信念﹑描写能力等）；优于

transcendent adj.出众的，卓越的

 

21.     come up with: think of (a plan, reply, etc.); produce 相出（计划，回答等）；提出

e.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意.

 

Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language.

语言学家找出了相似的词，提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言。

 

22.     establish v. cause to be set up建立，确立

[近义词] found, set up

e.g. This business was established in 1860. 这家公司成立于1860年.

e.g. establish a close relationship with sb 与某人建立起密切的关系.

23.     drift v. move or go somewhere in a slow causal漂泊

e.g. I enjoyed drifting along the river on a bamboo raft. 我喜爱在竹筏上沿河漂流。

24.     climate n.(an area or a region with) a regular pattern of weather condition气候

 

Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe.

一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言，有些人则向西漂泊，来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区。

 

25.     influence n./v. 影响

e.g. Her painting has been influenced by Picasso.她的画受了毕加索的影响.

[Collocation搭配] influence (n.) on

The next big influence on English was Christianity.

另一个对英语产生重大影响的是基督教。

26.     enrich v. make rich or richer; improve使富裕，使丰富

e.g. Reading enriches the mind. 读书充实头脑。

It enriched the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin.

基督教以400至500个希腊语、拉丁语词汇丰富了盎格鲁－萨克逊词汇。

 

27.     addition n. a person or thing added增加的人（或物）

[word family] add v.增加

[Collocation搭配] addition to sth

e.g. Such an outfit would be a useful addition to my wardrobe.  wardrobe n.（个人的）全部衣物

在我的衣服中添置一身这样的套装会派上用场。.

 

Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety.

每一个类似的词的增添都使英语更加丰富，更加多样化。

 

28.     conquer v. take possession and control of (a country, city, etc.) by force; defeat征服；打败；克服（障碍﹑ 情绪等）

e.g. You must conquer your fear of driving. 你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理.

 

Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England. 另一次新词的大量涌入发生在1066年，诺曼人征服英国的时候。

 

29.     royal adj. 国王或女王的；皇家的

e.g. royal family王室

30.     alternative n. one of two or more possibilities 供选择的东西

[word family] alternate /ˈɔːltəneɪt/ v.轮流，交替 alternator /ˈɔːltəneɪtə(r) / n. 交流发电机

e.g. You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.

你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择。

 

For example, Anglo-Saxons had the word kingly, but after the Normans, royal and sovereign entered the language as alternatives.

例如，盎格鲁－萨克逊语有kingly一词，但诺曼人入侵后，royal 和 sovereign作为替代词进入了英语。

 

31.     modify v. change slightly 稍稍修改，更改

e.g. The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.

最近供暖设备已稍加改动以提高效率。

 

What had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language -- Middle English -- with about 10,000 "borrowed" French words.

发展成的是一种经过改进，大大丰富了的拥有一万多个“借来”的法语词汇的语言——中古英语。

 

32.     habitual adj. done as a habit, regular, usual惯常的

[word family] habit n.习惯

e.g. James took his habitual morning walk around the garden.

 

33.     source n. 源，来源

As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, English found itself with two sources -- American and British.

随着移民在北美登陆并建立美国，英语出现了两个源头——美式英语和英式英语。

 

34.     out of control: 失去控制，不受约束

[反义词] in control 指挥﹑管理或支配（某事物）

e.g. Who's in control of the project? 谁是这个项目的负责人?

35.     put into practice:将……付诸实践

Scholars in Britain worried that the language was out of control, and some wanted to set up an academy to decide which words were proper and which were not. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.

英国的学者担心英语会失控，有人想成立一个有权威的学会，决定哪些词汇合适，哪些词汇不合适。幸运的是，他们的设想从未付诸实施。

36.     liberty n. freedom 自由

37.     strike out: create, produce创造，开创

The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.

如果不是多少世纪以来英国人一向崇尚个人自由，如果不是人人都能自由地为自己开拓新的道路，英语就不会成为今天的英语。

38.     nourish v. give (sb. or a living thing) what is needed so that they can grow and stay healthy 滋养，培育

e.g. 学校新增的音乐厅可以帮助它培养年轻的音乐人才。

The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.

 

39.     spring up: appear or be produced suddenly and quickly涌现

spring v. (pt sprang / spræŋ/, pp sprung / sprʌŋ/) jump quickly or suddenly

e.g. 自从新政策生效之后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。

Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.

 

The same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America.

孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为现今的世界培育了伟大的自由精神及人权准则。最初的根芽在英国萌发，接着在美国生长壮大。

 

40.     elite n. the group regarded as the best (总称)出类拔萃的人，精英

[Collocation搭配] an intellectual elite知识精英                     

 

1.    排行榜                                a hit parade

2.    严格地说                            strictly speaking

3.    对我们真正至关重要的事    the things that really matter to us

4.    发表演说                            make a speech

5.    为了加强效果                     for effect

6.    系统的研究                         a systematic study

7.    起源于                                descend from

8.    提出                                   come up with

9.    向西漂泊                            drift west

10.   留传给我们                         pass on to us

11.   日子过得开心                     enjoy oneself

12.   抚养孩子                            rear/raise a child

13.   诺曼人征服英国                  the Normans conquered England

14.   平民百姓                            common people

15.   印刷机                                a printing press

16.   大量新思想                         a wealth of new thinking

17.   欧洲文艺复兴                     the European Renaissance

18.   失控                                   be out of control

19.   付诸实施                            put into practice

20.   个人自由的崇尚者              a respecter of the liberties of each individual

21.   开拓新路                            strike out new paths

22.   培育了…的准则                  nourish the principles of …

23.   人权                                   the rights of man

24.   知识精英                            an intellectual elite