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CET4&6Writing

Transitional Devices

在平时的产出（写作和演讲）练习中，常常为同学们不能言简意赅地表达感到着急。大一上学期在讲解综合教程的课文时自己写了几篇小演讲，旨在示范如何做有内容有逻辑的小演讲；大一下学期备考四级占了不少时间和精力，在批改作文时，写的评语中常常涉及作文的内容和逻辑。为了提高大家的写作和演讲能力，特总结了三组常用的衔接手法，以及视听说教程1和2中值得大家学习的篇章（下划线部分为主旨句thesis statement和段落主题句topic sentence，粗体为衔接词句），供大家思考学习。——Isabella

视听说1 Unit1 University Life (P.14)

University life is a new and different experience for me.

First of all, living at the university gives me a sense of responsibility, of being on my own. My parents aren’t around to say, “No, you’re not going out tonight.” I decide everything for myself.

Being around lots of friendly people is another aspect I like about university life. On my first day, when I arrived on campus, I was a bit confused about where I was going. An upperclassman noticed out I was looking for my dorm, he said, “Oh, just follow me; that’s where I’m going.” Now, I can really say that I feel comfortable in the dorm because there are so many friendly people around to talk with.

Finally, I LOVE HAVING Fridays off; I would not be able to deal with five days of classes in a row. How did I do it in high school? I love sleeping in on Fridays. I guess I’m sort of a party animal, but it seems like I go out every Thursday night. It also seems like I don’t get home until early the next day1 My head hits the pillow and I don’t move until Friday afternoon.

视听说1 Unit3 Problems of meeting people (P.33)

As a foreign student, I have a number of problems, both academically and socially. The biggest one is meeting people. I feel confident about my ability to cope with problems from my studies, but I’m not comfortable making friends with other students, especially local ones.

Perhaps I’m worrying unnecessarily, but I find it difficult to talk to them and to make friends. The primary reasons is the language barrier. My English is quite standard and forma, and although that helps me with my academic work, I have trouble understanding other students when they are just talking. It seems to me that in order to meet with other students I really need informal, colloquial English. Besides, there’s the cultural gap. That’s why it’s so difficult for overseas students and native English speaking students to really get to know each other.

I really want to overcome this difficulty. I guess the best way to begin is to start talking about course work that we share; and then I could suggest going for a cup of tea or coffee. Over coffee we could get to know each other. Another way would be to join a club, like a tennis club or a photo club, because that immediately gives you something in common with other people there. It gives you a starting point to build on.

视听说1 Unit7 Does complaining work? (P.98)

(分析现象) Many people tolerate bad service or inferior products rather than make a complaint. They feel that complaining won’t do any good. (提出自己的观点并说明原因) In fact, they’re wrong: complaining works because companies don’t want dissatisfied customers.

(提出建议1) If you have a complaint, do something about it right away. The longer you wait, the harder it will be to get your complaint settled. First, you can complain to one of the clerks. If they cannot help you, then ask politely to speak to a manager. Also, many stores have Customer Service representatives whose job is to solve problems in customer relations. These people are eager to assist because companies realize that dissatisfied customers can damage their reputations.

(提出建议2) You should always insist on your own rights as a customer. (举例说明) You have the right to receive a product you ordered in timely manner and in good condition. With airlines, you have the right to be on the flight you’ve booked. You can also expect a discount if you receive less than you have agreed upon — a hotel room with a view of a brick wall instead of an ocean view, for example.

Transitional Devices

1. 引出不同或对立观点 on the one hand…on the other (hand)

[Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Chinese Dictionary]

used to introduce different points of view, ideas, etc., especially when they are opposite (引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等) 一方面，另一方面

e.g. On the one hand they would love to have kids, but on the other, they don’t want to give up their freedom. 一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由处在的生我没有。

[Cambridge Idioms Dictionary (2nd Edition)]

something that you say when you are speaking about two different facts or two opposite ways of thinking about a situation

e.g. On the one hand, I'd like more money, but on the other hand, I'm not prepared to work the extra hours in order to get it.

e.g. On the one hand, you complain that you're lonely, and on the other hand you won't come to parties with me.

(错例) 《60天》P.22

To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one hand, the teachers should give more attention to students' spelling, asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.

2. 引出原因for one thing… for another (thing)/besides

[Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Chinese Dictionary]

used to introduce one of two or more reason for doing sth(用以引出两个以上的理由之一)一来，一方面

e.g. “Why don’t you get a car?” “Well, for one thing, I can’t drive.”

e.g. For one thing, I've no money; and for another I'm too busy.

一来我没钱, 二来我太忙.

(范例) 视听说1 Unit3 How to build lifelong friendship?

You may have a lot of friends and expect your friendships to last a lifetime. However, not everybody can make lifelong friendships. Friends sometimes misunderstand each other.

For one thing, you may want your friends to be near at hand, but also you need your independence and privacy. For example, when one of your friends comes asking if it is all right to spend the evening in your house, sometimes you just say “no” to him or her because it is not convenient for you. Unfortunately, not all your friends understand this type of independence. They believe that friends can ask for any favor and the answer should always be "yes". Also, misunderstanding sometimes occurs when you ask for help. You may expect your friends to help you mo matter what the circumstances are. But the fact is, your friends may not always drop everything to satisfy each of your needs. This may make you angry with them and your friendship could fade.

The most important thing for you and your friends to do is to always show understanding and respect for each other.

3. to begin with, also, another thing, moreover

(范例) 视听说2 Unit5 Protecting endangered species

Around the world, habitats are being destroyed at an alarming rate, putting many wildlife species in danger of extinction. Threatened and endangered animals and plants are found in many places throughout the globe-you may even find some in your own backyard .To protect endangered animals and plants, think both globally and locally .There are many things you can do to contribute to their protection.

To begin with, you can find out what animals living near you are on the endangered species list. Spend some time leaning about these animals and their habitats.

You can also contribute nature reserves and other wilderness areas. Habitat preservation is one of the best ways to help protect endangered animals. Donate money or volunteer your time helping the nature reserve preserve habitat. Or, do both.

Another thing you can do is buy environmentally friendly products. Choose non-toxic cleaners that won’t pollute streams, rivers or oceans .Avoid any companies that ,when manufacturing products, endanger animals. Buy foods and goods that are made from materials that do not harm endangered animals or their habitat. For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting done rainforests.

Moreover, you can help create or restore habitats for endangered animals. You can volunteer to help with projects worldwide designed to re-establish habitat. In your own backyard, for example, plant a butterfly garden.

Individual effort is not enough .You need to join a local, national or global conservation organization. Through these organization, you can perhaps “adopt” an animal or plant a tree. The options are endless. All you need to do is a little exploring.