What的用法总结

文|广东省阳江市阳东区第一中学 张顺均

What主要用于引导名词性从句，尽管没有在近年的高考真题语法填空中考查，但在改错题中考查过。其用法总结为七种：

 

1.What+主语+及物动词

例句1：What he says is reasonable.

解析：What he says是主语从句，what 在主语从句中作宾语。

例句2：It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.

解析：本句意为“别人怎么看你，与你无关，相信你自己。”其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是what other people think about you.

 

2. what +主语+不及物动词/系动词+介词
例句：The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like. 

解析：what each eyewitness looks like是宾语从句，what在从句中作介词like的宾语。

 

 3. What + 主语+系动词

例句1：He is not what he was ten years ago. 

解析：本句意为“他不再是十年前的他了。”其中what he was是表语从句，what 在从句中作表语。

例句2：I’m not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me. 

解析：what you have made me.是表语从句，what 在从句中作补语。

例句3： The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands makewhat it is. 

解析：what it is是宾语从句，what 在从句中作表语。

 

 4. What后接名词，作定语

例句1：I gave him what books I had .

解析：what books I had是宾语从句，what 在从句中作books的定语。

例句2：It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

解析：what side effect the medicine will bring about是宾语从句，what 在从句中作side effect的定语。

例句3： The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 

解析：what terrible problems we would face.是宾语从句，what 在从句中作problems的定语，且terrible也是定语修饰problems。

  

5.What +及物动词+宾语 或 What +be done 

例句1： What makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 

解析：其中What makes the matter worse是主语从句， what 在从句中作主语。

 

例句2： The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. 

 

解析：what was caught.是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。

 

 6. what 用于固定搭配what……do with (处理)：

例句： What do you do with this problem? 这个问题你怎样处理？

 

 7. 感叹句中：

(1) What a/an＋(形容词)＋单数名词＋谓语!  

例句：What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！

(2) What＋(形容词)＋复数名词＋谓语!   

例句：What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！

(3) What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词＋谓语!   

例句：What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！

 

 △技巧归纳：

当判断是连词而且该连词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语时，首选的词是what。

常考的结构有： 

1.动词1/介词+what +主+动词2 

2. what +名词+动词1+动词2

 

小试牛刀 (前面8道题目是语法填空，9题之后的是改错题。)

1. (2012年广东高考语法填空) The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds 秒and all the other students wondered           the boy would do.

2. After that,          happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

3. (2016深圳二模语法填空) Now you never know           happy days we had in the camp.

4. It was a video explaining          her anxiety was like and how it affected her.

5. More than half of Britain’s gardeners did not spot a hedgehog （刺猬）, frog, fox, mouse or bat, in their gardens in 2016, as wildlife experts warn that          were  considered to be common animals once are continuing to decline.

6.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well,           we are usually doing is listening selectively.

7. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into          we do that benefits our work most.

8. We dreamed about         we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us.

9. (2012新课标卷) But before long, they began to see which was happening.

10. (2016年全国II) My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

11. (2010年全国乙卷) So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.  

12. That she wanted was for the people to be able to move it themselves and organized their own transport.

 

 答案：

1-8全部都是what

9. which 改为what

10. how 改为what

11. if后加what

12. That 改为 What

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