Passive Voice

被动语态

一，语法点归纳：

 

We finished learning Passive Vioce last week, which includes:

1,Active sentence and passive sentence(including rules of change into the  passive & voice constraints)

2,Passive voice of phrasal verbs(including passive voice of basic phrasal verbs & “verbs+noun+preposition”

3,Passive voice of non-finite verbs(including passive infinitive & passive –ing participle & contrast between passive infinitive and passive –ing participle)

4,Uses of passive sentences(including cases where the passive is & two related types of passive sentences)

5,Passive constructions and passive meanings(including contrast between English and Chinese passives & active constructions expressing passive meanings & passive constructions or “linking verb + complement” constructions )

 

二，课后练习精选

1,Q:Turn into passive constructions, where possible

   We could hardly see each other in the fog.

  A: /

  释：当主动句的宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，这种主动句不可以变为被动句，因为反身代词和相互代词通常不可以作主语。如，该句的宾语“each other”是相互代词。

2,Q:Turn into passive constructions, where possible

    The boy happened to meet her in the street.

  A:She happened to be met in the street by the boy.

  释：不及物动词没有被动语态，如该句中的其中一个动词“happened to”.可是，句子中还有一个中心动词 ”meet”，为及物动词。所以，该句还是可以改为被动语态。

 

相关连接：主动句与被动句相互转换的限制性

A,一些似have（作“有”解）的静态动词通常没有被动态

Eg, This plane holds about 150 people.

B,当主动句的宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，这种主动句不可以变为被动句

Eg, He hurt himself when he fell from the ladder.

C,不及物动词没有被动语态，有些句子貌似SVO结构，其实不是，从而也不能变为被动句

Eg, The plant will soon take root.

句子中的take root（生根）是词组动词，相当于一个不及物动词，故没有被动态。

 

3,Q:Put into the passive, using two forms when possible

    The governor made an example of these prisoners.

  A:These prisoners were made an example of by the governor.

  An example was made of these prisoners by the governor.

  释：有一种由“动词+名词+介词”构成的词组动词，如make an example of（惩一儆百）,make rather too much of（过于重视）,take full advantage of（充分利用）等，这类动词由主动态转换为被动态时通常有两种形式

4,Q:Put into the passive, using two forms when possible

    They lost track of the plane about an hour out from Guangzhou Airport.

A:The plane was lost track of about an hour out from Guangzhou Airport.

释：不是所有的“动词+名词+介词”的被动态都可以有两种形式的转变，如该句中的lose track of（失掉对……的联系），还有make fun of等

 

相关链接：“动词+名词+介词”的被动语态

这类动词由主动态转换为被动态时有以下两种形式：

A，  把整个词组动词当作一个及物动词处理

Eg, He took great care of his books.

   His books were taken great care of.

B， 把词组动词看作“动词+宾语+介词词组”结构处理

Eg, He took great care of his books.

   Great care was taken of his book.

注：采用第二种形式时要把整个介词词组放到被动态动词的后面去。

 

5,Q:Translate the following into English

    这水库将提前完工。

  A:The reservoir is going to be completed ahead of schedule.

  释：说话人为了把句子的语义重心放在事件本身而不必提到施动者时常用被动句

 

6, Q:Translate the following into English

     瓷槽（porcelain sink）容易洗净。

   A:A porcelain sink cleans easily.

   释：该句子中的主语“瓷槽”具有某些内在的特征“容易洗净”，能够促使动词所表示的动作“洗”得以实现，故能用主动表示被动意义

 

7, Q:Translate the following into English

     这抽屉锁不上。

   A:This drawer won’t lock.

   释：该句子中的主语“抽屉”具有某些内在的特征“锁不上”，能够使动词所表示的动作“锁”难以实现，故能用主动表示被动意义

注：肯定句用一般现在时，否定意义的用一般将来时

 

8,Q:Ture or false

    The cakes are baking.（蛋糕在烘烤中）

  A:Ture

  释：英语里有些动词能以主动结构表示被动意义，这类动词通常都是既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。当它们作为不及物动词用于SV(A)结构中时，往往含有被动意义。如该题中的bake,用这类动词的进行体（主要是现在进行体）表示被动意义，这种句子的主语通常都是指物的，而且可以转换为相应的被动结构。所以题中The cakes are baking=The cakes are being baked

 

9,Q:In each pair of the following italicized active/passive structures determine  which is more appropriate according to context and give reasons for your choice

    These engines used to be started by hand. Now we start them by electricity/ Now they are started by electricity.

  A:Now they are started by electricity

  释：被动句的使用往往受上下文和语境的支配，而有时是为了上下句紧密衔接而采用的

 

10,Q:Rewrite the following sentence using “pattern 1” and “pattern 2”

     There is a rumour that he has escaped to Dublin.

   A:It is rumoured that he has escaped to Dublin.

     He is rumoured to have escaped to Dublin.

   释：在英语中，有一种主动句可以转换为两种被动句型。如：people believe that he is ill.

  *It is believed that he is ill.(1)

  *He is believed to be ill.(2)

一般上来讲，句型1是转换为形式主语的被动句，而句型2是转换为不定式结构的被动句

 

三，我的专四语法宝典

1,After ___ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to enter the personnel  manager's office.

A,that   B,there   C,what   D,it

答案：C

解释：句意：在一次好像没有休止的等待后，轮到她进入人事经理的办公室了。此句考查名词性从句的引导词。此处需用连接代词引导名词性从句...seemed an endless wait,故应选C

 

2,The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country,____by the police each time.

A,had been captured            B,being always captured     

C,only to be captured          D,unfortunately captured

答案：C

解释：句意：那3个人尝试多次，想偷越国界进入邻国，但每次都被警察逮捕。此句考查固定搭配。选项中，only to do或only to be done表示“结果是……”，一般表示不好的结果。如：He arrived at school early,only to find out it was Sunday.他很早就到学校，结果却发现那是星期天。故此处应选C

 

3,Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.

A,any more than   B,no more than   C,no less than   D,much more than

答案：A

解释：句意：正如肌肉不会变成脂肪，脂肪也不会变成肌肉。此句考查表示比较的词组的语义辨析。此题中，A...not...any more than B的意思是“正如A不能……，B也不能……”；no more than 的意思是“和……一样不”；no less than的意思是“不比……少”；much more than的意思是“比……多得多”。这里通过分析后得知A最符合句意，故应选A

 

4,It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.

A,but   B,nor   C,as   D,like

答案：C

解释：句意：与其说是语言，还不如说是文化背景使这本书难懂。此句考查固定搭配。此题中，not so much...as的意思是“与其说……还不如说……”，如:It was not so much what he said as the way he said it that made me angry.与其说是他所说的话倒不如说是他说话的方式让我很生气。故此处应选C

 

5,There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ___ in the public mind today.

A,exists   B,exist   C,existing   D,to exist

答案：A
解释：句意：公众心里对呀登山的危险产生的焦虑不应像现在这样深。此句考查比较状语从句的用法。此句中,what代替the risk of mountain climbing,空格处应选用谓语第三人称单数形式，故此处应选A

 

6,I've never been to Lhasa,but that's the city ____.

A,I'd most like to visit               B,which I like to visit mostly      C,where I like to visit    D,I'd like much to visit

答案：A

解释：句意：我从没去过拉萨，但那是我最想去的城市。此句考查定语从句及副词的用法。通过分析可以看出，先行词city在定语从句中作visit一词的逻辑宾语，故排除C；B中mostly的意思是“大部分”，在这里不合句意；D不符合习惯用法，故此处应选A

 

7,He's ___ as a "bellyacher"--he's always complaining about something.

A,who is known  B,whom is known  C,what is known  D,which is known

答案：C

解释：句意：他技术那种所谓的爱抱怨的人；他总是在对事情抱怨。此句考查名词性从句连接词的用法。what既能引导表语从句，又能引导主语从句，在这里说明主语的身份，而who is known as...却不能用作表语从句，所以此处选C

 

8,___ , he always tries his best to complete it on time.

A,However the task is hard                   B,However hard the task is

C,Though hard the task is                    D,Though hard liked to

答案：B

解释：句意：无论任务多么艰难，他总是尽全力按时完成。此句考查让步状语从句的用法。however在句首时，需与其他强调的形容词或副词连在一起，然后跟一个主谓结构。而把though放在句首时，后面要用陈述句的语序。所以此处应选B

 

9,My mother can't get ___ because she has rheumatism(风湿病).

A,about   B,on   C,through   D,in

答案：A

解释：我妈妈因患有风湿病而不能走动。此句考查动词词组辨析。选项中，get about的意思是“来回走动”；get on的意思是“上车”；get through的意思是“通过（考试），使……通过”；get in的意思是“进入，参加”。通过分析句意可知A这个答案最贴切，故应选A

 

10,___ at in this way,the present economic situation doesn't seem so gloomy.

A,Looking   B,Looked   C,Having looked   D,To look

答案：B

解释：从这个角度来看，现在的经济状况并不暗淡。此句考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的用法。这里后半句是一个完整句子，且前后两部分之间没有连词衔接，因此前半句应该选择非谓语动词形式来作条件状语。这里空白处所填动词的逻辑主语是后半句的主语the present economic situation,与look 一词为动宾关系，故此处应该选择过去分词表示被动的意味，故应选B

 

11,In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid __B__.

A. from being beaten   B. being beaten   C. beating   D. to be beaten

解析：avoid后面须加动名词做其宾语，所以排除A、D，再根据语意判断，avoid 后须接一个表示被动含义的词，所以是B。

12, In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid __B__.

A. from being beaten   B. being beaten   C. beating   D. to be beaten

解析：avoid后面须加动名词做其宾语，所以排除A、D，再根据语意判断，avoid 后须接一个表示被动含义的词，所以是B。

 

13, If your car __B__ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.

A. shall need    B. should need    C. would need    D. will need

解析：从句是与将来事实相反，因此要用should do 或 were to do 结构，主句用的是祈使句代替would/could/should do.

 

14, The statistics __D__ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.

A. proves    B. is proving    C. are proving    D. prove

解：空格后面是一个that从句，所填词在句中做谓语，由in recent times可排除进行时。主语statistics表示“统计数字”而不是“统计学”，所以谓语应用prove.

 

15, The Minister of Finance is believed __B__ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.

A. that he is thinking   B. to be thinking   

C. that he is to think   D. to think

解析：感官动词用于被动语态后必须加to，且用不定式的现在进行时表示动作正在进行。所以选B。

 

16, My Scottish friends says there is __B__ monster in Loch Ness.

A. no such thing as     B. no such thing as a

C. no such a thing as   D. no such a thing as a

解：由于no是形容词，它可修饰不带冠词的单数名词和复数名词，所以是B。

 

17, So badly __C__ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.

A. did he injure   B. injured him   C. was he injured   D. he was injured

解：本题考查so…that结构的倒装。当nor,so,neither等副词放在句首时，全句须部分倒装，将动词提到主语前面，只有C符合题意。

 

18, Above the trees are the hills, __C__ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

A. where    B. of whose    C. whose    D. which

解：本题考查关系代词的用法。这是带有非限定性定语从句的复合句，whose在其引导的定语从句中充当定语。Whose magnificence在从句中是reflect的宾语。

 

19, The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __C__ all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. had lost    B. would lost    C. would have lost    D. should have lost

解：考查非真实条件句中的虚拟表达的一致性。条件从句省略if，主谓倒装，是对过去事实的虚拟表达，主句表示的也是过去时间；当从句用过去完成时态时，要求主句用would have done 形式，因此选C。

 

20, __D___ I like economics, I like sociology much better.

A. As much as    B. So much       

C. How much      D. Much as

解析： 考查Much as的用法，以为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。

 

 

四，英语语法学习小结

    用了大概两周的时间完成了“被动语态”的学习，虽然以前有所接触，但是大学中的学习是对于知识点的更广泛扩充，才更值得认真对待。其中，主动表被动意义这一方面的知识点自己感悟最深，因为在做这类型练习的时候我犯了好愚蠢的错误，把老师气得很无语。羞愧感肯定是有的，不过，更多的是从这个错误中自己学到了东西。我不再害怕犯错误，只要，保证不犯同一种错误就可以了。在以后的学习中，我要更加注意细节！好好用心学好语法，也希望自己整理的资料不仅只对自己有用处，还能为大家带来益处！

                                                      2009年9月26日午