武汉新东方  朱杰骅

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几年前我加入新东方教的第一门课程就是听力，几年来听到的学生对听力的抱怨也要远远高过其他板块，甚至经常跟已经读研的学生聊天，说到从本科起考了四五次六级都不过，问其缘由，答曰两字：听力，可见国内考生的听口能力总体还是要远弱于阅读能力。而即将到来的2016年6月的四六级考试注定又要掀起波澜，因为这次听力彻底大改，四六级纷纷推出全新题型，让很多考生大写的懵逼，考试是否变得更难了？新题型怎么考？你应该如何应对？一系列问题亟待解决，本文将解答你对六级听力新题型的所有困惑。

一. 认识六级听力新题型

调整后的六级听力结构：

此次六级听力新题型为“讲座讲话听力”（Lecture），一共三篇讲座，两篇三题，一篇四题，一共十道题目，总分值百分之二十，是听力考试中最重要的题型，六级听力想拿高分，讲座必须拿高分。

    第一个问题，你认为讲座听力难还是容易？为了让大家清晰、立体地搞清这个问题，接下来我就以官方发布的样题为素材，给大家仔细分析一下。

首先，官方样题中的三篇讲座听力，原文长度分别为452词、395词和347词，什么概念？我们通常做的阅读，文章长度大概在350——400词左右，这就意味着将一篇比阅读文章还要长的演讲稿，用音频呈现出来，给考生带来的心理威慑力可想而知。

其次，官方样题中的三篇讲座听力，第一篇主题是“老年人在社会中的角色定位”，第二篇的主题是“食物中的营养和儿童成长的关系”，第三篇的主题是“关于电子商务的探讨”，由此不难看出，讲座的专业性很强，不像长对话经常涉及日常闲聊，也不像短文具有一定的逻辑条理，在内容上会让考生感觉非常陌生。

综合以上两点，我们可以下结论：讲座听力在整体的听力感受上，又长又难，如果按照传统的“尝试听懂”的思路来做题的话，会让考生产生无穷无尽的绝望感，从这个角度看，讲座听力是很难的。

看到这里很多人开始撕书、砸电脑、打室友，认为这么难，绝对要完。

那你就错了，本文将给你传授解答讲座听力的超级思路，为你打开一扇新的大门，让你重燃希望，信心满满。

二. 解决六级听力新题型

要解决讲座听力，最重要的就认识它的原文和题目的比例关系：原文篇幅超长，但是题目却只有三、四题，这直接决定了它会具备两大特征：

1）一大段原文才出一题

请看官方样题第一篇：

【Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.
    该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

17.  A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not being important any more.
C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.】

【For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.

该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

18.  A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth and high respect.】

【Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.

该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

19.  A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for senior citizens.
C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.】

由此例可以清晰地看到两个特点，：

第一，一大段原文中只有一个句子对应正确选项，而其他上百个单词都是无关内容或是干扰内容，这种特征构成了讲座的基本听力感受：百里挑一，也就是在大量信息当中精准地选出能够和选项相匹配的那句话。

第二，虽然原文又长又难，但是其中和正确选项对应的句子从用词到句式，几乎都是一模一样的，就像在一百个足球中选出一个篮球一样，在一百个无关的单词中要选出和正确选项一模一样的那个其实并非难事。

至此我们可以稍作总结：讲座听力要求你对选项足够熟悉，要足够耐心，只要符合这两点，你就可以耐心地等到那个和正确选项一样的句子，然后就可以做选择了。

但是作为六级考试，作为新题型，它对大家的考查会止步于此吗？

明显不会，所以接下来我们继续来看这种题型的第二个特点：

2）会听到大量干扰信息

刚刚讲过，讲座听力主要考查大家能否在大量信息中，准确抓住原文重现的选项，这种题型因为原文太长太难，几乎不会考查高难度的同义替换或总结概括等，那么这种题型要怎么出难题呢？

答案就是：四个选项中，你将会听到好几个选项都出现在原文中。而且很有可能每道题目都会这样。

还是那篇官方样题：

【Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.
    该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

17.  A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not being important any more.
C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.】

【For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.

该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

18.  A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth and high respect.】

【Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.

该段原文中的划线句子对应下题：

19.  A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for senior citizens.
C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.】

依旧是同一篇样题，同样的三道题目，仔细分析会发现，我们除了会听到正确选项出现外，至少还会听到另外一个选项，而最多另外三个选项都能听到，于是问题来了，四个选项当中，好几个都能听到，到底应该选哪一个？

这里给大家提供两个依据：

第一，根据听到句子内容的完整程度判断，选择最完整听到的那个选项，如果四个选项有一个完整听到，另外三个都是零碎听到，那么选最完整的那个；如果四个选项有一个零碎听到，另外三个都没有听到，那么选零碎听到的那个。

第二，如果全部都完整听到，那么需要把握这些选项前后的关键词，事实证明，多个选项完整出现的情况，各句的前后往往会有典型的关键词，如年份、公司组织名称等，除此之外，也有可能是录音者用重读来体现这些关键词，而这些关键词往往就会出现在最后的问句当中，我们在听的过程当中，记录这些关键词，然后根据最后的问句来排查、筛选，不失为一个解决方法。

三. 总结及建议

六级讲座听力，看似难度巨大，实则难度不高，大段原文对应一道题目的特征非常明显，我们在做题时需要额外的耐心，千万不要轻易怀疑自己错过、漏掉了某题，因为题目与题目之间的间隙非常大；此外还需重点关注原文重现的选项，仔细判断一个选项到底是完整出现还是零碎出现，并重点把握多个选项出现时其前后的关键词，以此作为对应问句的依据， 此类题目往往可解。

2016年6月的四六级考试是听力改革后的首次考试，按照以往经验，新题型考查的第一年往往难度不会太高，加上本文所探讨和传递的一些题型特征以及解题思路，相信大家都更有底了，在这里还是要提醒各位，在尝试将解题思路和技巧融会贯通的同时，不要忘记夯实基础，毕竟选项看不懂，原文听不懂，再巧妙的技巧或再流畅的思路都是空谈，夯实听力水平，熟练把握解题思路，2016年6月四六级听力你就一定是高分！