下列疾病通常在新生儿阶段通过相应检查可以发现，若施以治疗可以极大地改善其预后或维持正常的生长发育/Here are some conditions that can be found early with newborn screening tests.

　　1、甲状腺功能紊乱/Thyroid disorder

　　甲状腺功能紊乱可直接影响其日后的生长与发育/The thyroid is a gland in the neck that makes hormones. It’s important to find and treat thyroid disorder early to prevent problems with growth and development.

　　2、苯丙酮尿症/PKU (Phenylketonuria)

　　患有该症的婴幼儿需要特别喂养，否则可损害智力或脑力/Babies with PKU can’t process certain foods and must be fed special formula. PKU can cause intellectual disability (mental skills that are below average) if it’s not treated early.

　　3、镰状细胞贫血/Sickle cell disease

　　Sickle cell disease is a serious blood disorder. It can be watched and treated if it’s found early.

　　4、听力受损/Hearing loss

　　尽早发现新生儿听力受损，有利于预防其语言发育异常/Finding out early if your baby has hearing loss can prevent problems with speech and language. If your hospital doesn’t test for hearing loss, make sure to have your baby’s hearing checked within the first month.

　　5、先天性心脏病/Congenital heart disease

　　借助心脏超声检查新生儿可以尽早发现其心脏是否存在结构和（或）血流异常？如先天性房、室间隔缺损，以及时施以治疗而改善其预后。