醋氨酚（acetaminophen），亦称对乙酰氨基酚或退热净，实为解热镇痛～阿司匹林的替代品。最近有研究表明，长期超量（哪怕是极微量的超量）服用可导致肝损伤，甚至可因肝功能衰竭而引起患者死亡。

Too Much Acetaminophen Over Time May Damage Liver

'Staggered overdoses' are difficult for doctors to spot, researchers say

TUESDAY, Nov. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Taking slightly too much of the pain reliever acetaminophen (best known by the brand name Tylenol) over time can lead to an overdose that can cause liver failure and death, according to a new study.

These "staggered overdoses" can occur when people have ongoing pain and repeatedly take a little more acetaminophen than they should, explained Dr. Kenneth Simpson, author of the study, published Nov. 22 in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

"They haven't taken the sort of single-moment, one-off massive overdoses taken by people who try to commit suicide, but over time the damage builds up, and the effect can be fatal," Simpson said in a journal news release.

He and his colleagues analyzed data from 663 patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury who were admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland between 1992 and 2008. In the U.K. and elsewhere, acetaminophen is known as paracetamol.

　　Of those patients, 161 had suffered a staggered overdose while taking acetaminophen to relieve a variety of ailments, such as headache, toothache and abdominal and muscular pain.

Compared with people who'd taken a single overdose of acetaminophen, those with a staggered overdose were more likely to have liver and brain problems, require kidney dialysis or help with breathing, and were at greater risk of dying.

Patients with a staggered overdose may not report that they've suffered an overdose when they come to the hospital. They may just report feeling unwell. Doctors need to recognize and treat this situation quickly, Simpson said.

"Staggered overdoses or patients presenting late after an overdose need to be closely monitored and considered for the (acetaminophen) antidote, N-acetylcysteine, irrespective of the concentration of (acetaminophen) in their blood," he said in the release.

SOURCE: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, news release, Nov. 22, 2011