器官移植（Organ Transplantation）是一项延长终末器官功能衰竭患者生命主要措施，近年来已被越来越多地应用于临床。尽管通过移植器官已经延长了不少患者的生存时间，但也存在一些问题，如被移植器官（donor organs）功能不佳和/或接受移植器官者被感染艾滋病、乙肝和丙肝等。据美国疾病控制与预防中心统计，自2007～2010年全美有多达200人因授受器官移植而感染了艾滋或乙肝或丙肝，甚至有部分患者因此而死亡。

为了进一步改善器官移植的安全性与成功率，美国疾病控制与预防中心最近颁布新的器官移植指南（guideline），该指南明确规定“不仅要检查器官供给者的艾滋病感染情况，亦要筛查其乙肝、丙肝的感染，及其检测被移植器官的功能”，以确保被移植器官的功能良好与健康。更多资讯，请参阅原文。

CDC Moves to Make Organ Transplantation Safer

Proposed guideline would screen more aggressively for hepatitis B and C

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- More thorough donor screening and more advanced organ testing to help protect transplant patients from infectious diseases are recommended in a draft of an updated organ transplant guideline released Wednesday by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The goal of the new guideline is to reduce infections such as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Screening is already done for HIV, but HBV and HCV should be added to the screening process, the CDC said.

From 2007 to 2010, the CDC was involved in more than 200 investigations of suspected, unexpected transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C through transplants. In some of the confirmed cases, the transplant recipient died due to the infection.

The existing guideline was created in 1994. Other major proposed changes to the guideline include updated and more sensitive tests for donor organs, and a revised set of donor risk factors that can help doctors get a better idea of possible problems with donors' organs.

The new draft guideline focuses on organ safety because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has already implemented tighter regulations for tissue and semen donors.

"Our first priority must be patient safety. These recommendations will save lives and reduce unintended disease in organ recipients," Dr. Matthew J. Kuehnert, director of the CDC's Office of Blood, Organ and Other Tissue Safety Office, said in a CDC news release. "The guideline will help patients and their doctors have information they need to fully weigh risks and benefits of transplanting a particular organ."

The Draft 2011 Public Health Service Guideline for Reducing Transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV through Solid Organ Transplantation can be found at www.regulations.gov. The review-and-comment period will last 60 days.

SOURCE: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, news release, Sept. 21, 2011