激素替代治疗（hormone replacement therapy，HRT）通常是指围更年期的女性接受雌激素和/或孕激素等药物增补，关于这一疗法的疗效与毒副作用一直饱受争议。早在2002年，就有专家基于大规模的实验结果指出该疗法风险过大（如可能增加乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的发病率），且对心脏无明显保护作用，故不宜作为预防慢性疾病的方法推广应用。近年来，却陆续有文献报道，激素替代治疗似乎并不像以往评价的那样可怕，即60岁以下的女性在医生的指导下短期增补雌和/或孕激素不仅有利于消除潮热等更年期症状，亦有利于心脏健康。最近，美国纽约大学的Rockman等通过分析近848,000名平均年龄为64岁的女性的相关资料后发现，激素替代治疗似可降低周围动脉病（peripheral artery disease， PAD）的发病率（降幅约为20%）。显然，这是一个关于激素替代治疗值得关注的亮点。更多资讯，请参阅原文：

HRT May Reduce Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease

Hormone treatment may have some protective effect in postmenopausal women, researchers say

THURSDAY, June 16 (HealthDay News) -- The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) appears to help protect postmenopausal women against the development of peripheral artery disease, new research indicates.

The risk reduction for peripheral artery disease, or PAD, was found even though the group of women on HRT were more likely to have conditions such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, the researchers reported.

"We found that patients who had used HRT were about 20 percent less likely to have PAD," said study author Dr. Caron Rockman, an associate professor of surgery at the NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.

She is slated to present the findings Thursday at the annual meeting of the Society of Vascular Surgery in Chicago.

PAD is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries, usually those in the legs and pelvis. Most often, the symptoms are cramping, pain or tiredness in the leg or hip muscles noticed while walking or climbing stairs. PAD increases the risk of heart attack or stroke.

The risks and benefits of HRT have long been debated. In 2002, results from the large-scale Women's Health Initiative were issued. Those researchers concluded then that the therapy did not protect the heart and the risk-benefit ratio did not favor using it to prevent chronic disease.

More recently, however, the International Menopause Society issued a review stating that HRT remains effective for treating hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms. When individualized, the therapy may have benefit for heart health, those experts said, in women under age 60 when taken short-term.

While previous research has looked at the effect of HRT on PAD, the association is not yet clear, Rockman said. In her study, she looked at a large database of women who underwent vascular screening for PAD.

In all, she evaluated almost 848,000 women; about half reported having used HRT and half had not.

Women who used HRT were more likely to be white, to have smoked cigarettes and to have high blood pressure and high cholesterol. In addition, those on HRT were slightly older (about 64.7 years old on average) than those who were not on HRT (about 64.3 years old).

The investigators also found that those who took HRT were also less likely to have PAD, even with their increased vascular risk factors. While 3.3 percent of those on HRT had PAD, 4.1 percent of those not on HRT had it, they reported.

When Rockman controlled for other factors that could have explained the decreased PAD risk, she found that HRT was linked independently with the reduced risk.

The study has limitations, Rockman noted. "We don't know what type of HRT these patients took and for how long," she said. The patients were also self-referred, or women who chose to undergo screening. So something about a self-referred group could have affected the findings.

While the exact mechanism of the link between HRT and reduced risk of PAD isn't known, Rockman said other research has shown that HRT may dilate peripheral blood vessels.

However, the benefit of reducing PAD risk should not at this time be the sole reason for giving HRT, said another expert, Dr. John Stevenson, of Imperial College London. He reviewed the study but was not involved in it.

"The finding would be yet another benefit to explain to women contemplating starting HRT for other reasons, and especially if they had a family history of peripheral vascular disease," Stevenson said. "But I think we would need a randomized clinical trial to make prevention of peripheral arterial disease a sole indicator for giving HRT."

Rockman agreed that the pros and cons of HRT need to be put in perspective. "We are certainly not saying that HRT should be given to all to prevent PAD," she said, pointing out that there are potential risks with HRT use.

According to the International Menopause Society review, those who take both estrogen and progesterone do have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer, for instance. But those who do not have a uterus can expect reduced risks of breast cancer and heart disease if the therapy is short term and individualized, said the experts writing the review.

Because Rockman's study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

SOURCES: Caron Rockman, M.D., associate professor, surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; John C. Stevenson, M.B.B.S., consultant physician and reader, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London; June 16, 2011, presentation, Society of Vascular Surgery annual meeting, Chicago