The Latin Part

拉丁语部分

Supplement-Spelling rules

附录——拼写规则

The root prefix-‘com’

“前缀词根”——“com”

 com – is a Latin word that expresses the following ideas:

 com——是一个表示下列含义的拉丁语单词：

 

1. ‘together’, ‘together with’, or ‘in combination,’  as for example in the word ‘componere’, meaning literally ‘to put together’ from which we get the English word ‘compound’.

“在一起”、“和……一起”或“联合”。例如在拉丁语单词“componere”中，其字面含义为“把……放在一起”，从中我们引申出了英语单词“compound”（化合物、合成词）。

 2. Intensity; this root can intensify the action of the verb that it precedes, for example:

表强烈程度。这个词根会强化它后面动词的行为，例如：

comprehend（理解、领悟）

from: ‘com+prehendere’ Meaning ‘to grasp completely’. As an intensifier it has the sense of ‘fully’, ‘thoroughly’, or ‘completely’

由“com+prehendere”，意为“完全地领会”。作为一个强调成份“com”有“充分地”、“彻底地”或“完全地”的含义。

 In the first example above we can clearly identify the 2 parts of the word, for example:

在上面的第一个例子中，我们可以清楚地识别出那个单词的两部分，例如：

‘componere’

We can see clearly that this word is made up of:

我们可以清楚地看到这个单词是这样构成的：‘com’ + ‘ponere’

When we look at the English word ‘compound’ we can also clearly see the ‘com’ although the ‘pound’ has changed its form slightly. In the second example above, ‘comprehend’ we can also clearly see the ‘com’ and this time we can also clearly recognize the ‘prehend’ since it hasn’t changed form.

在我们观察英语单词“compound”时，尽管“pound”的形态有一点改变，我们同样可以清楚地看到“com”。在上面的第二个例子“comprehend”中，我们同样可以清楚地看到“com”，而且这次我们还可以清楚地辨认出 “prehend”，因为它没有改变形态。

 The form of this Latin root is governed by spelling rules, which are set out below:

这个拉丁语词根的形态是由它的拼写规则决定的。 其拼写规则如下：

 No change in the form of ‘com’ rule.

“com”形态不变规则

Before words beginning with b m or p, the ‘com’ does not change.

在以b m或p开头的单词前，“com”不变。

For example:

例如：

combat: com+ battuere

comprehend: com+prehendere

common: com+ munia

 

Change to ‘con’ rule.

变成“con”规则

Before words beginning with c d f g j n q s t and v, the ‘com’ form changes to ‘con’. For example:

在以c d f g j n q s t和v开头的单词前，“com”的形态变成“con”。

例如：

Conclude: con+cludere =com " + -cludere

Conduct

Conform

Congratulate

Conjunction

Connection

Conquer

Consequence

Content

Convince

Double consonant rule

双辅音规则

Before words beginning with r or l, the ‘m’ of the ‘com’ is replaced by the first consonant of the word. This produces a double consonant, for example:

在以r或l开头的单词前，“com”的“m”被那个单词的第一个辅音字母所替换。这样就产生了双辅音，例如:

colloquial

com+ loqui

becomes: col + loqui

 

 

corrupt

com + rup

becomes: cor + rup

 

Change to ‘co’ rule

变成“co”规则

Before words beginning with a e i o u h or gn, the ‘com’ form changes to ‘co’. For example:

在以a e i o u h或gn开头的单词前，“com”的形态变为“co”。例如：

Coalition

Coexistence

Coincidence

Cooperate

Coherent

Cognizance

 

This list of words has been divided into 6 parts:

这个单词表分为六部分：

Part 1 has all the words that follow the ‘No change in the form of ‘com’ rule’.

Part 2 has all the words that follow the ‘Change to ‘con’ rule’.

Part 3 has all the words that follow the ‘Double consonant rule’

Part 4 has all the words that follow the ‘Change to ‘co’ rule’

Part 5 has all the words that are of a different Latin origin

Part 6 has all the words that are from other languages.

第一部分是所有遵循“‘com’形态不变规则”的单词。

第二部分是所有遵循“变成‘con’规则”的单词。

第三部分是所有遵循“双辅音规则”的单词。

第四部分是所有遵循“变成‘co’规则”的单词。

第五部分是所有源于其它拉丁语词根的单词。

第六部分是所有源于其它语言的单词。