Lesson Eight Psychologically Speaking

 

I.Oral work

1)Discuss the following questions.

From the psychological point of view，what did Charles want to prove?

（1）Young people usually act on the spur of the moment. They often do not know what they are talking about.

（2）People value family and marriage because they have strong psychological need for safety.

（3）Jealousy is a powerful emotion and can reawaken love.

（4）People are afraid of change.

（5）People usually value more what they don’t have or what are about to lose forever.

2）Some young people in our country have also been talking about—even practicing cohabitation（a man and a woman living together without marriage）.They think this is cool, a revolution. Give your views about this. Do you favor the idea of “experimental marriage”? Why or why not? Work in a group. Think of some positive ideas and some negative ideas. Be prepared to present your group’s ideas to the class.

II.Vocabulary

1. Practice using the rules of word formation.

1）Examine how the words “forehead ”and “childish” are formed. Find out the meaning of the prefix “fore-” and the suffix “-ish” with the help of a dictionary.

forehead： +

childish： +

2）Add the prefix“fore-”to the following words and vice versa. Give their meanings.

front forecast

most forefather

runner foreman

see forefinger

sight foretaste

3）Change the words into adjectives that end in the suffix “-ish”. Give their meanings.

green girl

gray boy

red woman

self thirty

fool sixty

book Scot

4）Complete the sentences based on the Chinese in the brackets.

（1）He showed a （孩子气的）lack of control over his temper.

（2）You must learn to share and not to be （自私的）.

（3）That evening he wore a （带黄颜色的）jacket.

（4）Portugal was under （西班牙的）rule from 1580 to 1640.

（5）He writes a very （学究气的）style even in his letters.

（6）We should have （预见到）his trouble weeks ago.

（7）He hoped that he would go to visit Africa where his （祖先）had lived.

（8） He did not want to be the （领班）because he liked his present job very much.

（9）The weather （预告）on the radio today says there are storms coming at the weekend.

2. Give the opposite of the following.

1）abroad 12）naive

2）afterwards 13）nervous

3）civilized 14）peculiar（said of a place）

4）conventional 15）permanent

5）false 16）pompous

6）to impose 17）to prevent

7）miserable 18）primitive

8）to pack 19）proper（said of behavior）

9）enthusiastic 20）separate（adj.）

10）perfect 21）sympathetic

11）sternly

3. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms，and then make a sentence with each of them.

at a（great /heavy…）cost to decide on in some measure

to open one’s eyes to to be ashamed of

1）She having done so little for her sick father.

2）We have gained our peace and stability .We should do our best to preserve them.

3）Have you the subject you’re going to write your paper on?

4）University life is very rewarding .It my ignorance.

5）I think the world economy has recovered .But complete recovery may take a few more years.

Sentence 1）

Sentence 2）

Sentence 3）

Sentence 4）

Sentence 5）

4. Put the following into English, using appropriate expressions from the text.

1）他看上去将近100岁了，但谁也说不准。

2）别拐弯抹角了。说吧！你要什么？

3）我一点也猜不出他们为什么会决定各奔东西。

4）我们得让老百姓对今后一、二年内可能发生的大地震有思想准备，越快越好。

5）他整天瞎逛，不务正业，看来一辈子成为他父母的负担了。

6）由于非他能力所及的情况，他读了四年书就不得不工作养家了。

7）后来他后悔跟他老板跑了。

8）我们不能愚蠢地认为万事太平，我们也可能成为他们袭击的目标。

5. Based on the Chinese in the brackets, complete the sentences using phrasal verbs of “work”.

1）I don’t money（光为……工作）. Otherwise I wouldn’t have taken up teaching.

2）For the whole vacation，I （在学习）my chemistry.

3）Pauline （仍然在撰写）the book she started last winter.

4）Before he became on economist，he （当）a lawyer.

5）The size of the area （能被算出）easily now that we know its length and breadth.

6）Professor Shaw suggested that I（插进）a few humorous remarks in my speech.

7）They thought production would be raised if the interest rate was lowered. But things didn’t （发展）that way.

8）The travel agency （会拟订出）a route for you if tell them where you’d like to go.

6. Give the meaning of the underlined words in the sentences below. Note how the meanings are different in different contexts.

1）There is a set of rules that you must follow if you are going mountain-climbing

2）As we have to get up very early to catch the train， I have set the alarm-clock for 5a.m.

3）There are no set rules laid down for dealing with this kind of situation.

4）They charged two dollars for the admission.

5）The man has been arrested by the police on a charge of car theft.

6）The young officer was put in charge of the investigation.

7）The drug the doctor prescribed is quite effective in treating the disease.

8）The police alone cannot beat the drugs. Teachers, parents, the whole society will have to pitch in.

9）It was reported that someone had drugged the security man and then robbed the bank.

7. Examine the uses of “do” and “lead” in the sentences below. List other possible uses of there words and then make sentences after the models.

…our stupid，small-town way of doing things，…（para. 21） （to do sth.）

I’m not going to lead this silly，uncivilized life…（para. 31） （to lead a life.）

Other possible uses of “do”and “lead”

do:

lead:

1）Take this medicine.It will do you good.（to do + n./ pron. + good/harm）

2）I’m afraid you have not done her justice. She may not be brilliant , but she isn’t dumb.

3）Jin Liang was caught speeding. He was doing 80miles an hour.

4）I think this dress will do nicely for her.

5）There ditcher lead the water into the rice fields over there.

6）His experiences led him to believe that both determination and opportunity are important for one’s success.

7）In some circumstances bad things can lead to good results.

8. Give the pattern of the underlined parts in sentences below, and then rewrite the sentences, using the patterns and the information given.

Now, it’s no use you saying anything，Mother—…（para.17）

Oh, Tom, there’s no use beating about the bush.（para.55）

There’s no point in not saying them，（para.27）

Sentence patterns:

1）To deny the fact is useless.

.

2）Talking to him us useless. He doesn’t know anything.

.

3）You can’t persuade him to quit smoking. He won’t listen.

.

4）Cutting interest rate further won’t help.

.

5）Don’t ask me. Know no more than you do.

.

9. Fill in the missing words.

All of us can change our behavior to fit different situations. We are （1） festive and noisy at weddings and birthday（2） ，sympathetic at funerals,（3） at lectures, serious and respectful at（4） services. Even the clothes we wear on these different（5）______ may vary. Our table（6） are not the same at a picnic.（7）

in a restaurant or at a（8） dinner party. When we speak with.（9） friends， we are free to interrupt them and we（10）

not be offended if they（11） us. When we speak to employers，however, we tend to （12） them out before saying anything（13） . If we don’t make such（14） ，we are likely to get into trouble. We may（15） to accomplish our purpose and we are almost sure to be（16） ill-mannered or worse.

III. Grammar

1. Practice using conditional clauses.

Complete the conditional by translating the Chinese in the brackets.

1）They won’t let you in （如果你没有带身份证）.

2）She surely will help you （如果你向她求助）.

3）He will understand it all right （你要是跟他解释一下）.

4）You’re sure to be late （要是你不赶紧的话）.

5）Tell them to leave the room （如果他们已经考完了）.

6）My mother will take a message

（如果你来电话时我不在的话）.

7）I’ll go with you to Tianjin this Saturday

（要是我没有什么特别的事情要做）.

8）The chairman of the department might come to our meeting

（要是他能找到时间的话）.

9）Don’t forget to dial 119 （要是发生火灾的话）.

10）You’ll need a visa （要是你想到国外旅行）.

2. Combine the pairs of sentences as shown in the examples.

Example: Is she coming to the party? I don’t know.

I don’t know if she’s coming to the party.

1）Was it possible for him to start a new life? Vingo wondered while in prison.

 

2）Would the community accept him? Vingo was eager to know on his way home.

 

3）Would his wife forgive him? Vingo wasn’t sure.

 

4）Should I return to my country after all these years? He asked himself again and again.

 

5）Were his songs still popular in his home country? He wanted to find out before he returned.

 

6）Was it a sensible decision to return at his age? He wasn’t sure.

 

7）Would his childhood friends recognize him? He wondered.

 

8）Was the house where he had been born still standing? He wondered.

 

9）Was he better off abroad? He was often asked the question.

 

10）Was he ever prejudiced against，famous as he was，on account of the color of his skin? He was often asked.

 

3. Put appropriate determiners or indefinite pronouns in the blanks from the list.

every

a few some

a little anything

a lot of nobody

many something

much

I was outside Frank’s house at five o’clock sharp，and moments later he came out of the side door，pushing his bike. It didn’t take us minutes to cycle to the river. We stopped at the bridge，lifted our bikes over the gate，and hid them behind the hedge.

There were cows in the meadow. They raised heads，and looked a little surprised to see visitors so early in the morning. But there was about，apart form ourselves.

We reached the island and fixed up our rods. There were small fish near the surface，but we didn’t catch for an hour or so. Then suddenly Frank gave a cry，“Got one!”

Almost at the same moment big took my bait（诱饵），and immediately made for the reeds（芦苇）under the bank. A moment later the line went slack（松了下来）. I pulled it up and the hook was gone. But Frank was luckier. “Look at this,” he said happily, pointing to a large silver bream, which lay on the bank.

I congratulated him, but felt a bit disappointed about losing my own fish. The sun was up now. It was getting warmer moment and there wasn’t point in continuing to fish. I got out the thermos and we drank tea and ate biscuits.

4. Study the different notions that the prepositions “to” and “for” express and learn to use them.

1）Find out the notion “to” and “for” in each sentence.

（1） And she has opened my eyes to own life，too…（para.41）

（2）Only I do feel close to you. You are a sort of relative to me，aren’t you?（para.41）

（3）…I wandered all over the world，hunting some clue to my identity…（para.50）

（4）No，to me it will just be a very interesting little research in contemporary psychology.（para.52）

（5）We are the people who have been born to it .（Lesson7:para.14）

（6）…we turned our minds to modern warfare…（Lesson7:para.16）

（7）Stephen is coming over here for tea，to bid you all goodbye.（para.21）

（8）You must have had a most interesting life traveling around as you have.　Tell me，was it solely for pleasure?（para.35）

（9）No，I was continually working，investigating and studying，collecting material for my new book on experimental psychology.（para.36）

（10）We never even found where his grave was for certain.（para.37）

（11）…Tom only stays with me for conventional reasons…（para.41）

（12）But，Charles，why should you do such a thing for me?（para.50）

（13）Why，for all you know，after tonight you may have me hanging around your neck for the rest of your life !（para.50）

（14）Tom，I—I must prepare you for a shock.（para. 53）

（15）…in universities students enroll for both training and education.（Lesson1:para. 2）

（16）He will take her for life，hunt for her，protect her. This is the way the creator planned life.（Lesson2:para.16）

（17）I tried to tell myself it was all for the best，but it was hard to lose my brother.（Lesson2:para. 17）

（18）I would still wonder if Maheegun，in his battle for life，found time to remember me .（Lesson2:para. 18）

（19）These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police， judges or correctional personnel for being soft on criminals .（Lesson3:para. 5）

（20）We don’t want to de something we would regret for the rest of our lives. （Lesson5:para. 35）

（21）For its part，nature cared nothing about the five passengers. （Lesson6:para. 7）

（22）“Use !Use !”he repeated，and laughed. “I do not work for use，but for wonder.”（Lesson7:para. 38）

（23）Yes，he worked and he was working for us on something wonderful. （Lesson7:para. 20）

（24）“Of course，” I said soothingly, though I did not know for which country he spoke. （Lesson7:para. 15）

2）Choose the right preposition for the blanks.

（1）She spoke （in，with）broken sentences.

（2）She sank （in，into）a large，comfortable armchair in front of the window.

（3）But I couldn’t get the boy’s words （from，out of）my mind.

（4）Day after day, the plainclothes men watched strangers going in and

（form, out of）the shop.

（5）With water dripping （from, out of）his face, the boy looked at her.

（6） （Through, Out of）his genius, Andersen（安徒生）changed every early experience into a fairy tale.

（7）All （during, through）the night the young man sat （at, by）the bedside holding his father’s hand.

（8）They talked （for, in）an hour, and not once did anyone speak of the reason （for, because of）the policeman’s visit.

（9） （For, To）me, happiness means continuously creating values for others （by, through ）my own honest, productive work.

（10） （For, To）the donor’s parents, seeing the person who had gained life （from, though）the gift of their son’s liver and knowing he was well seemed to ease their suffering.

（11）He thought being dressed （as, like）a policemen would make him safe. But he didn’t look like a real policeman （for, to）me.

（12） （For, To）other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is “reserved”.

（13） （As, like）a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.

（14）The greatest writers of the day, from Dickens（狄更斯）to Victor Hugo （西果）, looked upon Andersen （as, like）one of themselves.

（15）He, （as, for）a man, no longer strove. It was the life （in, inside）him, unwilling to die, that drove him on.

（16）Wasting time is a bad habit. It is （as, like）a drug.

（17）In the evening he built a fire and slept （as, like）a dead man.

（18）Bob read only certain bits of the papers he sold. Robberies, killings, and things （as, like）that.

5. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.

1）If I were your age, I shall go back to school.

2）As a wise man points it out, life has a value only when it has something valuable as its object.

3）If it will rain tomorrow, the football match will be put off.

4）The nurse went into the ward to see that patient wanted anything.

5）At that time I was sure if I wouldn’t succeed in getting him to join us.

6）I’m sure you would have done the same if you were there.

7）I’d like to read the essay which the passage is taken.

8）I wonder that they’ve received our message.

9）Alice told anybody about it, but we don’t know who.

10）When he was taken to the hospital, his brain had died though his heart had not, There was a little the doctors could to.

IV. Written Work

Write a summary of the text in about 130 words.

 

　

Key to the exrcises

II. Vocabulary

1. Practice using the rules of word formation.

1) Examine how the words “forehead” and “childish” are formed. Find out the meaning of the prefix “fore-” and the suffix “-ish” with the help of a dictionary.

The prefix “fore-”, from Old English, is used before nouns and verbs to mean “before (in space, time and condition); front; preceding; and superior”.

The suffix “-ish”, from Old English, is used to form adjectives meaning

a. somewhat, rather:

e.g. dark (adj.) ＋ -ish à darkish (adj.) = rather dark, somewhat dark

b. like or similar to:

e.g. child (n.) ＋ -ish à childish (adj.) = like a child

c. about:

e.g. thirty (n.) ＋ -ish à thirtyish (adj.) = about thirty years old

d. relating to the people or language of :

e.g. British, English, Irish, Swedish

2) Add the prefix “fore-” to the following words and vice versa. Give their meanings.

forefront 最前方 cast

foremost 最初的,最重要的 father

forerunner 先驱者 man

foresee 　预见（v.） finger

foresight 预见(n.),深谋远虑　　 taste

3) Change the words into adjectives that end in the suffix “-ish”. Give their meanings.

greenish, grayish, reddish, selfish, foolish, bookish

girlish, boyish, womanish, thirtyish, sixtyish, Scottish

4) Complete the sentences based on the Chinese in the brackets.

(1) childish (2)selfish (3) yellowish (4) Spanish

(5) bookish (6) foreseen (7) forefathers (8) foreman

(9) forecast

2. Give the opposite of the following.

1) at home 12)sophisticated

2) previously 13) calm

3) uncivilized 14) ordinary/ normal

4) unconventional 15)temporary/brief/short-lived/passing

5) real/ true/ genuine 16) simple/ modest

6) to lift/ remove 17)to persist/to allow/to encourage

7) cheerful/ happy/ joyous 18)modern/civilized

8) to unpack 19)improper/unacceptable

9) unenthusiastic/ half-hearted/ disinterested 20)connected/linked

10) imperfect 21) unsympathetic/unconcerned/cold

11) kindly-hearted/insensitive/unfeeling

3. Complete the sentences, using the expressions listed below in their proper form, and then make a sentence with each of them.

1) was ashamed of 2) at a great cost

3) decided on 4) opens my eyes to

5) in some measure

4. Put the following into English, using appropriate expressions from the text.

1) He looks like a man of one hundred years old, but nobody knows for certain.

2) Don’t beat about the bush. Out with it. What do you want?

3) I don’t have a clue why they decided to go separate ways.

4) We have to prepare our people for a possible killer earthquake in the next year or so, and the sooner the better.

5) He is still fooling around. It seems that he is going to hang around his parents’ neck for the rest of his life.

6) Due to circumstances over which he had no control, he only had four years of schooling and had to work to support his family.

7) Later he regretted having run off with his boss.

8) We can’t live in a fool’s paradise. We can also be their target of attack.

5. Based on the Chinese in the brackets, complete the sentences using phrasal verbs of “work”.

1) just work for 2) working for 3) is still working on

4) had worked as 5) can be worked out 6) (should)work in

7) work 8) will work out

6. Give meaning of the underlined words in the sentences below. Note how the meanings are different in different contexts.

1)一套 2)定时 3)固定的 4)收费 5)指控 6)负责

7)药品 8)毒品 9)（下药）麻醉

7. Examine the uses of “do” and “lead” in the sentences below. List other possible uses of these words, and then make sentences after the models.

Other possible uses of “do” and “lead”:

do: to do sb./sth. (no) good/harm…

to do sb./sth. justice/ honor…

to to some miles

to do (vi)

lead: to lead sb. to do sth.

to lead to

to lead + to + sth.

8. Give the pattern of the underlined parts in the sentences below, and then rewrite the sentences, using the patterns and the information gven.

Sentence patterns: It is/There is + no + use +gerund (phrase)

There is no + point + gerund (phrase)

Other possibility of the sentences:

1) It’s/There is no use denying the fact.

2) It’s/There is no use talking to. He doesn’t know anything.

3) It’s/There is no use trying to persuade him to quite smoking. He won’t listen.

4) It’s/There is no use cutting interest rate any further.

5) It’s/There is no use asking me. I know no more than you do.

9. Put in the missing words.

(1) often (2) celebrations/parties (3) attentive (4) religious

(5) occasions (6) manners (7) as (8) formal 9) close

(10) will (11) interrupt (12) hear

(13) ourselves (14) adjustments (15) fail (16)considered

III. Grammar

1. Practice using conditional clauses. Complete the conditional sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets.

(1) if you don’t have your ID with you (2) if you ask her (for help)

(3) if you explain it to him (4) if you don’t hurry

(5) if they’ve finished (6) if you phone while I’m out

(7) if I don’t have anything particular to do (8) if he can find time

(9) if a fire breaks out (10) if you want to travel abroad

2. Combine the pairs of sentences as shown in the examples.

1) While in prison Vingo wondered if it was possible for him to start a new life.

2) On his way home Vingo was eager to know if the community would accept him.

3) Vingo wasn’t sure if his wife would forgive him.

4) He asked himself again and again if he should return to his own country after all these years.

5) Before he returned he wanted to find out if his songs were still popular in his home country.

6) He wasn’t sure if it was a sensible decision to return at his age.

7) He wondered if his childhood friends would recognize him.

8) He wondered if the house where he had been born was still standing.

9) He was often asked if he was better off abroad.

10) He was often asked if he was ever prejudiced against, famous as he was, on account of the color of his skin.

3. Put appropriate determiners or indefinite pronouns in the blanks from the list.

A few, many, some, nobody, a lot of, anything, something, every, much, a little, a few/some

4. Study the different notions that the prepositions “to” and “for” express and learn to use them.

1) find out the notion “to” and “for” in each sentence.

In all these sentences, “to” have the underlying meaning of direction.

a. used to indicate direction, as in (1) and (6)

b. used to indicate a feeling, as the first “to” in (2)

c. used to indicate a relationship, as the second “to” in(2)

d. meaning “concerning”, as in (3)

e. used to indicate one’s opinion, as in (4)

f. meaning “destined to do sth.”, as in (5)

 

In these sentences “for” has two underlying meanings of 1) purpose, reason 2) time.

a. used to show purpose, as in (7), (8), (14), (15), (18), (22)

b. meaning “what something is intended for”, as in (9)

c. in an idiom, meaning “without doubt”, as in (10)

d. used to show a reason/reasons, as in (11), the second “for” in (16), (19)

e. meaning “in order to help sb./sth.”, as in (12)

f. in an idiom, meaning “ you really don’t know”, as in (13)

g. in a set phrase, meaning “ as long as one lives”, as the first “for” in (16)

h. in an idiom, meaning “best in the ling run”, as in (17)

i. in an idiom, meaning “as far as it (nature) is concerned”, as in (21)

j. meaning “employed by”, as in (23)

k. meaning “ as a representative”, as in (24)

l. used to show length of time, as in (25)

2) Choose the right preposition for the blanks.

(1) in (2) into (3)out of (4) out of

(5) from (6) Through (7) through, at (8) for, for

(9)To, through (10) For, through (11)like, to (12)To

(13) As (14)as (15)as, in (16) like

(17) like (18) like

5. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.

1) If I were your age, I would go back to school.

2) As a wise man points out, life has a value only when it has something valuable as its object.

3) If it rains tomorrow, the football match will be put off.

4) The nurse went into the ward to see if the patient wanted anything.

5) At that time I wasn’t sure if I would succeed in getting him to join us.

6) I’m sure you would have done the same if you had been there.

7) I’d like to read the essay from which the passage is taken.

Or: I’d like to read the essay the passage is taken from.

8) I wonder if they’ve received our message.

9) Alice told somebody about it, but we don’t know who.

10) When he was taken to the hospital, his brain had died though his heart had not. There was little the doctors could do.

6. Written work

Write a summary of the text in about 130 words.

Sample:

Eve Kent and her boyfriend decided on an experimental marriage. She told her mother they were leaving that very night. Eve also said that she didn’t think her parents’ marriage was happy and that she wasn’t sure if her father still loved her mother. What Eve said upset Mrs. Kent. Just then, a man called. He was a psychologist and a brother of Mrs. Kent’s first husband who had been killed in World War I. Mrs. Kent asked him what she should do to prevent her daughter’s experimental marriage and to find out if her husband still loved her. Professor Waring suggested playing a trick. When Eve came with her father, the professor introduced himself as Mrs. Kent’s former husband who hadn’t been killed and had come to take his wide away. (132 words)