专八写作辅导材料

 

1. 话题总览

year	topic/title
2010	Guiyang unconventional design for CBD
2009	Putonghua /dialect
2008	What I have learned from my years at university
2007	Financial disparity affects friendship.
2006	Forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.
2005	interview as a selection procedure
2004	Should university students go in for business?
2003	Young people in China today are more self-centered and unsympathetic than were previous generations.
2002	the most important personal quality of a university student
2001	the impact of the Internet on…
2000	education as a lifelong process
1999	competition or co-operation
1998	one major problem in the process of urbanization
1997	sowing the seeds, nurturing growth and harvesting the rewards
1996	In Support of Dormitory Policies (title)
1995	Should the young take care of their parents or should it be the responsibility of the state?
1994	Personal Appearance: Looks Really Count
1993	A person’s essential qualities are inherited at birth.

 

2. 要求分析

1) 45 分钟如何分配？

2) 400 单词如何布局？

3) 常规要求如下：

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

a. Content

观点清楚，前后一致，论据充分，论证有力。

b. Organization

详略得当，层次清楚，衔接连贯。

c. Grammar

语法正确，句式多样。

d. Appropriateness

与文章主题相符，多为正式文体风格，措辞得体。

 

3. 真题范文

2010

Respecting Local Characteristics

 Recently a heated debate was triggered off by the report that a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province plans to turn itself into a central business district with unconventional, super-futuristic buildings, never paying appropriate attention to its local characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design, whereas others hold that the design should suit its local conditions and reflect its regional characteristics or cultural heritage. As far as I am concerned, I prefer the latter.

Firstly, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account. Functional and harmonious architectures are needed to suit the life of the people there. In a mountainous area, unconventional and super-futuristic buildings are incompatible with its landscapes and they usually prove to be unsuited to the climate. Besides, the disappearance of its original features may mean the disappearance of a period of history and even the disappearance of its symbol and identity.

Secondly, the form of traditional buildings anywhere in the world is influenced by local climate and geology. Therefore, the design well suited to local conditions can save a lot of money. As a small developing mountainous area near Guiyang, it should try to take good advantage of its local resources. Over the centuries, the local materials have become the raw material used by sophisticated and expert craftsmen. If it falsely understood “progress”, wanted to be “modern” at any price, despised the outstanding features of its traditional culture and attempted to introduce reinforced concrete buildings, it would impose great pressure on its people. In addition, such buildings require expensive maintenance which is a heavy burden for its people.

Thirdly, it will take a long period of time before local people can truly be accustomed to and appreciate the unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. Lived in the traditional buildings for generations, local citizens are very likely to feel uncomfortable and uneasy surrounded by such super-futuristic buildings, let alone to appreciate them.

To sum up, a good design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account and suit to local conditions. It should also try to take advantage of local resources and avoid imposing unnecessary burden on the local people. Besides, it is sensible to build what local people can accept and feel comfortable with.

 

2009

Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
      Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

It is known to all that Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard language in China’s service sector. However, recently quite a few employees at metropolis subway stations start using dialects to better serve people from different areas of China. As a result, the opinion on this practice varies from person to person. Some people regard it as a useful supplement of the current service, while others see the countering effects of such movement to the national policy of promoting mandarin across China. From my point of view, I believe dialects are acceptable in public places. Although Mandarin, or putonghua is promoted widely and vigorously in accordance with the national policy, dialects are still acceptable in public places.

First of all, dialects are a kind of culture instead of merely a tool for communication. They represent their respective and distinct cultures. If dialects are totally banned from our daily use or even eliminated from our lives, the cultures will be incomplete or even gradually disappear.

 Secondly, dialects can enrich the content of Mandarin, or putonghua so as to promote its long-term and healthy development. The dialect in Northeast China brings a lot of fun and happiness to the majority of the Chinese in recent years through television and Internet. Such a cultural phenomenon demonstrates the audience’s attitude towards local dialects which are capable of catering to the taste of the majority of the Chinese people.

Thirdly, dialects are also the only way of communication for those undereducated local people. If local dialects are forbidden in the public places, they cannot communicate smoothly. Last but not least, dialects are capable of bringing people together. It is often the case that people feel close to and tend to trust those who speak the same dialects with them, which will surely promote the harmony of the society.

Therefore, I can naturally and safely come to the conclusion that local dialects should be tolerated and accepted in public places for their unique role in the society which Mandarin, or Putonghua cannot replace. We should guarantee their existence because they stand for our cultures. From a long-term perspective, dialects should not and would not be prohibited. There is no need for any purposeful and deliberate attempt to protect dialects. The best way to protect dialects is to use them in daily life and pass them down from generation to generation.

 

2008

 1. What I have learned from my years at university?

  Before I went to university, it seemed to be such a holy place. As for me, it meant glory, respect, freedom, knowledge and a promising future. However, it was not until I entered the university that I realized it was not the whole story. I have learned much from my four years at university, such as hard work, self-control, friendship and teamwork.
     University is a highly competitive place. If you don't want to lag behind other students, you have to study very hard. Besides, the pressure of hunting for a desirable job after graduation also forces you to grasp every minute to equip yourself with as much knowledge as possible. Self-control is another thing that I have learned in university. Here, the absence of parents' control and the loose control of the school give me more freedom. In addition, university is vulnerable to social influences. So I have to learn how to control myself. I try to arrange my life properly, which, on the other hand, prevents me from indulging in seeking pleasure, and on the other hand, enables me to enjoy university life.
    University life makes me have a deeper understanding of friendship. Friendship has become an important part of my life that I can not live without. Far away from my parents, my friends have become my dearest family members. When I feel lonely, they always sit beside me, let me pour out my secrets to them, and softly comfort me. When I am in trouble and feel helpless, it is my friends who reach out their hands and help me out.
     Last but not least, university teaches me the importance of teamwork. There are lots of activities in university that you can not accomplish on your own, but have to rely on your cooperation with other people. Cooperation, in turn, relies on effective communication. Effective communication builds on mutual understanding. Thus, I have to try my best to let my cooperators understand me, just as I do my best to understand them.
     In a few months' time, I am going to graduate from university. Looking back into the past four years, I must say that my university life is a worthwhile experience. What I have learned here has made a good preparation for my future life. If I were given another chance, I would like to relive it.

 

2. Time flies, do you believe that I have been a junior in so short time that I think I am just a freshman. What more serious thing is that I did not realize this term has passed half already when I thought I did not do anything benefit to myself, especially to my studying. During the more than two years’ university life, I have really realized the stress from the studying and the social, though the life seems still very ordinary and leisure. However, I have learned many valuable principles and life experience from my years at university, which will be very useful in my lifetime, especially will be good to my work in the society.

First of all, after studying in the university these years, I really want to say that our senior middle schools’ teachers treated us. The studying in university is not so comfortable just as they said which also needs us to study hard to really improve our abilities. Only in the university, I really know what is individual study and how important of lifetime studying. Even if we leave the school to the society, we also need to study and it is very benefit to our improvement.

Besides, the most impressed thing to me is that we need to save and value time. Just as the old saying: Time is money. In the fast rhythm life nowadays, time is more important. We must learn to increase of the efficiency, especially in our careers in the future.

What’s more, these years in the university I deeply realized that the importance of the teamwork. As a monitor, I really think that a good team will gain more than what it need and use less time. So how to establish a good team is especially important to us which are very benefit to our future work. However the university is a good place to learn it.

University is the epitome of our society; we need to work hard in it to prepare well for entering the society.

 

3. What I have learned from my years at university

What have I learned from my years at university? Frankly speaking, I seem to remain untouched or intact. Standing by the window lost in thought for a long time, I realize that nothing in the world remains unchanged: the course of life never runs smooth, for there are so many ups and downs, twists and turns.
     Firstly, self-esteem equips me for life's challenges. It is as essential as the air we breathe. It makes me feel worthy and confident about who I am and believe in my intrinsic value. Hence, I’m able to face the reality and be adult in my responses to life’s challenges. Secondly, courage and acceptance lead me to the road of success. A man without failures, in some sense, is a poor man.  Of course I will fall into a “well” or something else. Life is going to shovel dirt on me, all kinds of dirt. The trick to getting out of the well is to accept the situation, stop wailing and be courageous enough to shake the dirt off and take a step up. Actually each one of my troubles is a stepping stone. Only with courage and acceptance can I get out of the deepest wells. Thirdly, my distinctive individuality or something special of mine make me stand out. I may have my peculiar insight into an issue and not be controlled by anyone else. I may have my style in terms of study and extra activities.
     What I have learned from my years at university seems plain but it is hard for me to acquire them totally because a person is never too old to learn. All I can do is to go on pursuing them.
What I Have Learned from My Years at University

 

4.More than two thousand years ago, Confucius, one of the greatest philosophers and educators in Chinese history, sigh with grief while standing on the river and compared the transient passage of time to the flowing water. With a blink of eyes, I will graduate from this university a few months later. At this moment, I think I have a deeper understanding of this great thinker’s saying. Thinking of my impending graduation, I am excited but meanwhile I am upset, mixed with some other feelings beyond words. Looking back the details of the past few years, I can’t help asking myself, “What have I learned from my years at university?”

In my opinion, this question is one that every one of us can’t avoid.

I think what I have learned in the passing years is that I have gained more knowledge and acquired some basic professional skills, which will lay a sound foundation for my future career.

Through the involvement of various social activities and participation in different clubs and association, I got to know more friends as well as my classmates. By getting along with them, I have acquired some useful communicative skills and begin to know how to understand and appreciate others, which I suppose, will be expected to play an important role in my future life. More importantly, I have gained the abilities to handle the problems and deal with crises independently.

If it is safe to say that I have ever achieved some achievements at university, first I’d like to attribute them to my teachers, classmates and friends. Had not been for their staunch support and unselfish aid, I wouldn’t have reached one goal after another. With them I have established an intimate relationship and it is believed that I will continue to benefit from it.

In the spare time, I often went to take part in some sports with my friends. I have been fond of playing table tennis and badminton. And I went to the gym once or twice a week with them. By going in for the sports, I became stronger and stronger and I am sure you will see everything when you see my robust constitution.

Before I went to college, I had been somewhat bashful and even blushed to speak in public. But now I can talk like a streak for a few hours. Isn’t it amazing?

I believe that we study at university not only to learn some professional skills and some knowledge that will be behind the times soon. But more importantly, we have to master the way of thinking and acquire some abilities that we learn beyond books. With these qualities I am sure that we will have enough confidence to meet with the challenges in the future. 

 

2007

1.Financial Disparity: Not a Barrier for Friendship
    With the development of market economy in China arise the income gaps between people working in different fields: some earn good money; some make ends meet; some others live on narrow means. On top of many social problems, this financial disparity may cause, there is a claim that it affects friendship. The assumption seems reasonable, but we may find it does not really hold water by taking a close look into the subject.
    First of all, true and lasting friendship is built on common values, pursuits, or hobbies rather than similar incomes. Friends are those who agree with your life views and stick to the some principles, those who encourage you when you lack confidence in meeting challenges and pursuing your dream, or those who share your interests and appreciate your tastes. Indeed, what strengthens these emotional bonds between you and your pals is not the same amount of wealth but spiritual commonalities. Of course, with similar financial backgrounds, you will probable know better about each other's life style, but the difference in this aspect will not matter if you are mutually appreciated, needed and trusted. The friendship between Marx and Engels--the two German revolutionists--is a case in point. The former was often in debt while the latter was well-off; yet the same socialist dream drew them together and made them forever friends.
    Moreover, financial disparity between friends does not cause trouble because each of them usually lives a self-reliant life. Different from a married couple who have common properties, budget and spend their income together; even very close friends live on their own finances. For instance, though we exchange ideas with and confide secrets to our friends, we will never rely on them for a comfortable life, no matter how rich they are. Admittedly, there are times when we may go out for fun or to dinner together with friends; however, whether they are richer or poorer than us, we can definitely find a place suitable for all rather than one beyond somebody's means.
    It is claimed that people with different financial backgrounds have different social contacts and accordingly, as friends, will get estranged sooner or later. It is true in some cases, but bosom friends are not those who you get in touch with every day, instead, they are those who lend their hands to you when you fall into trouble, just as the old saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. Hence, despite their distinct material life, the richer and the poorer can retain their friendship as long as they still care about each other, understand and support each other.
    To sum up, financial disparity will not affect friendship when people have common spiritual pursuits, lead an independent life and stand by each other for better or worse. It might be quite safe to say that money is not the barrier but the touchstone of real friendship.

 

2.Financial Disparity: a Barrier for Friendship

Friends are the most important treasures in the world. Throughout our lives, we never stop making friends. Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. It is difficult for people of different economic backgrounds to become good friends. Without a second thought, some people may rush to dispute this. However, given more rational consideration and careful observation, it has to be admitted that financial disparity is a barrier for friendship.

First of all, it is hard for people of different financial backgrounds to share to same interests. Common interest is thought to be the basic bond between two friends, because a friend is someone we spend them together with and we do things together with. For example, a girl from a rich family will probably develop some “expensive” interests like piano-playing or ballet-dancing; while a girl from a poor one may only be able to afford to enjoy some “cheap” hobbies like reading books or collecting used stamps. Therefore, it is rare for the two to meet on the same road of friendship, and it is even rarer for the two to walk down the road side by side. After all, “birds of a feather flock together”.

Secondly, financial disparity will make mutual understanding difficult to reach between the rich and the poor. The economically superior ones will not understand why their friends do “not want” to go to the concert with them, why they “prefer” to dine at the dirty and noisy roadside restaurant, and why they “like to wear” the same clothes for several days. I guess they will never understand if they do not put into their poor friends’ condition. How can you ask a man who has never tasted green apples to tell how tart they are? Obviously, on understanding, no friendship. It is neither the fault of the rich nor that of the poor. It is just that they seem to belong to different worlds.

Besides, financial disparity will cause the feeling of being inferior and discriminated for the relatively poor one. Equality is the most important nutrition in friendship, based on which the flower of friendship can bud and blossom. However, because of the disparity in financial matters, the relatively poor one will often live under great pressure and always feel inferior, through which their self-esteem is greatly hurt and the feeling of inequality grows. Without a feeling of equality, friendship is just like a castle in the air.

Needless to say, it is difficult for people of different financial backgrounds to become good friends, because it is hard for them to share the same interests and to understand the feelings of each other. No one does not crave for friendship, but remember to plant your flower of friendship in the hearts of those who have similar backgrounds as you, where the flower can live long and blossom lively.

 

2006

Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, “We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide so that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.” Do you agree or disagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: AMBITION

 

1) What does the word “ambition” mean?

2) Can our destiny be determined by it?

3) Are there any examples to illustrate the argument?

 

Ambition

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision. It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life. Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specially oriented. This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.

First of all, ambition renders us a sense of mission. No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission. Only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness. Julius Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered”, and he became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome. John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.

In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials. Without ambition one’s potential will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Hellen Keller. It is her ambition to be a useful person that has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aiming at the sun, who may yet probably land on the moon.

Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction. If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others. Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon. It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland. However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan. Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him into his tragic doom.

To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if it is wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves. A poet says: life can be bad; life can be good; life can be dirty; life can be sad; life can be even painful. In my mind, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-oriented ambition. (468 words)

 

2005

Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.

 

1) What does “a selection procedure” mean?

2) Usually what sorts of questions will be asked in an interview?

3) Why nowadays interview is a popular practice to recruit personnel?

 

Interview Should Be a Part of the Selection Procedure

Nowadays, when it comes to hunting for a job, one of the most heated topics under discussion would be handling the interview. Prospective employees totally immerse themselves in the thorough preparation for it, while employers bother to be present at the scene of it, going through every applicant every now and then. Therefore, whether interview should be a part of the selection procedure comes to the spotlight. As far as I am concerned, I consider interviews to be essential for both employers and employees.

To start with, it is through the process of interview that the bosses get to know the candidates. Unlike resumes on which only the applicants’ basic information is presented in the written form, interviews provide employers with a precious opportunity to discover the applicants’ true selves and examine their actual scope and amount of knowledge, thus having a clear idea of them, including their expertise, manners, communication skills, art of critical thinking, sense of responsibility, to name just a few. In this process, truly capable applicants can demonstrate their potentials to the greatest extent, thus leaving a vivid impression on the employers, which is definitely conducive to their entering the next round and stepping closer to their successful acquiring the job. On the contrary, those skillful in nothing but boasting themselves will be rejected, while those truly able applicants can survive, entering the second round of the interview, which is bound to be teeming with even more challenging questions.

In addition, it is through the process of interview that the potential candidates get to know whether their choice of the company is correct or not. As the word suggests, “interview” refers to seeing each other. Besides being inquired by the company, job candidates at an interview can ask the interviewers detailed questions about the job as well as the company. It is commonplace for “would-be employees” to give up the chance for the next round of interviews simply because they are dissatisfied with the company at first glance, let alone the messy working conditions or the meager salary offered. Hence, by means of interview, the times when “companies choose employees” have gone, which is a sign that job hunters are gaining more rights.

In conclusion, interview should be a part of the selection procedure because of the irreplaceable role it plays throughout the whole process of recruitment. Let’s all get used to and be familiar with it and we have every reason to believe that it is of even greater importance in the selection of the staff in personnel. (432 words)

 

2004

It is reported in the press some time ago that few second-and third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hands at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university. Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about this phenomenon. Some thought that the students’ business experience would help them adapt better to society after graduation, while others held a negative view, saying that running shops might occupy too much of the students’ time and energy which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study. What do you think? Write a composition of 300 words on the following topic:

 

SHOULD UNIVERSITY STUDNETS GO IN FOR BUSINESS?

Argument: As far as I am concerned, it is generally not advisable for university students to run business.

Reason 1: Undergraduates who engage in business tend to ignore their academic learning in university.

Supporting detail 1 (reality): credits to gain, courses to attend, books to read, assignments to complete, and exams to take

Supporting detail 2 (quotation): “Knowledge is power”. (Francis Bacon)

Reason 2: Doing business is not as easy as some college students have imagined.

Supporting detail 1 (reality): fierce competition with large corporations

Supporting detail 2 (reality): lack of experience or financial support

Restatement: From what has been discussed, we may safely draw the conclusion that it is inappropriate for some sophomores or juniors to start business.

 

At present, you may often encounter some students who are selling electronic dictionaries, flash disks, or cosmetics on university campus. Some of them even have opened their own small businesses on the Internet. These students assume that…. Some people agree with this idea, whereas others hold an opposite view. As far as I am concerned, ….

 

2003

Love, and Then Be Loved

In recent years, more and more teachers complain that their students are indifferent to others. Some even worry that the young generation might ruin the future of China.  To be sure, many of our young people cannot see eye to eye with this view.  However, as a university student, I myself would like to content that we young people today are in general more self-centered and unsympathetic than our previous generations.
    To start with, most, if not all, young people choose to attend exclusively to their own needs. In their eyes, It is all too natural to seek satisfaction from what they do, even if it may mean inconvenience to others.  Take my dormitory for example.  It is a common scene here that a roommate cheerfully talks to his girlfriend on the phone at midnight when others are struggling for a sound sleep. One may complain now and then, but to no avail. In fact, the others, to the exclusion of me, live their dormitory life much in the same way. When I take a nap at noon, they often play cards.  They have no regard for others.  Life is a joy to them, yet they often enjoy it to the neglect of others' feelings. In sharp contrast, our caring parents always pay heed to our needs and those of others. Whenever my father comes back home late in the night, he tiptoes In for fear that he might awake me.
    Moreover, our young people tend to be insensitive to others' difficulty.  When a classmate falls ill, few people offer to help, but regard it as none of their business.  Some students in my class come from poor families. Yet, they are active mobile phone users, who may spend twice as much as what their parents earn from arduous labor.  When asked why they behave so, they answer that their parents have the obligation to accommodate their expenses. Personally, I detest their answer, for I know my parents never thought that way when they were young.  Being aware of their parents' financial difficulty, they managed to save every penny they could.
    For the above reasons and those not mentioned here, I subscribe to the view that young people in today's China are more self-centered and unsympathetic than were our previous generations. It is high time that we learned from older generations so that a harmonious and splendid future can be anticipated

 

2002

All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we university graduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aim. What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university graduates? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:

 

THE MOST IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUALITY OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT

 

Statement: In my opinion, for a university student, morality outweighs other personal qualities in the present society.

Sub-statement 1: Morality such as decent behavior, honesty and humility is an essential element of Chinese traditional culture as well as modern civilization.

 

Sub-statement 2: Morality is beneficial to college students and their personal development, which can help them survive and succeed in their future career.

Restatement: Moral quality is of chief importance to university students in a variety of ways.

 

Diligence: The Most Important Personal Quality of a University Student

Everyone has one or more dreams. But it is much easier to set an aim than to realize it. In the course of obtaining success, we need a number of helps, either external or internal. Besides, our personal qualities are of superior importance. Among the qualities, such as smartness, honesty and confidence, the most important one, in my opinion, is diligence.

We are sure to encounter a number of difficulties on the way to success. On the one hand, we must hold on. On the other hand, we should make efforts to find the best solutions as soon as possible. We have to force ourselves to know more, do more, and sweat more. Only working industriously can assure us of a good result.

Being industrious means more work and less relaxation. Therefore, diligent people will complete their tasks in a shorter time than others. They will get more information and experience in their work. In the long run they will do their job better and better. Diligence also means broad knowledge and good public relationship. No one will look down upon an industrious person, and no employer will promote an idle one.

In addition, industry is a merit of our Chinese people. It is also a stimulus to Japan’s recovery from the disaster of World War II. It is needed to realize our aims and to make our country more prosperous.