manual  adj. 体力的
collar  n. 衣领
sacrifice  v. 牺牲，献出
privilege  n. 好处
dustman  n. 清洁工
corporation  n. 公司
overalls  n. 工作服
shower  n. 淋浴
secret  n. 秘密
status  n. 地位

manual adj. 体力的
= physical
  manual work:体力工作
  mental work: 脑力工作

collar n. 衣领
white-collar:白领 ( do mental work)
blue-collar:蓝领 （do manual work）
 (get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天

sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出
vt. to give up for good purpose
Eg: sacrifice one’s life for the country
    sacrifice time
 n. 
make many sacrifices

privilege n. 好处
 = advantage
特权 （=special right）
牺牲掉自己的好处：
sacrifice one’s advantage / rivilege

特许某人做某事：
give sb. the rivilege of doing sth.

privileged adj. 荣幸的

overalls n. 工作服
男工作服； overall 女工作服

secret n. 秘密
adj. keep secret:保密
It’s between you and me.
I’ll keep it to myself.
confidential : 机密的

in secret:私下里
= secretly, in private, privately
I was told about it in secret.

in the secret: 知道内情
He was in the secret from the beginning.

status n. 地位
= social position 
s-t-a-t-u-s
s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像

corporation n. 公司
shower n. 淋浴
dustman n. 清洁工

Text

The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德。布洛格斯的双重生活

听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Alf want a white-collar job?

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. AlF's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.

课文讲解

people who do manual work => blue-collar workers 

people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers

far more money
far--副词，用来强调语气==much

refer to … as ==regard … as 把…看作为
I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子).

for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句
for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体

human nature 人性化

such…that…
that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵
His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
=> Such was his kindness…
Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
Such用在句首，要倒装

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
介词for表示一种目的

be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth.  心甘情愿做…

give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起 =result in
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.

in the case of: 至于，就……而言
Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him.
in case of: (连) 万一，以防
Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire.

Who引导定语从句

Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of

get married
marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl…
         如果表示状态：get married, be married
         如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb.
The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.

Too…to…, 太…而不能

simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told

dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态
Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart black suit.

Changed into: 换上

Before returning home==Before he returned home
在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。
After getting home, he had a good rest.
Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.

She never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中， never要放在助动词之前。
‘Will you go to see her?’
 ‘ I will never go to see her.’ / ‘No, I never will.’

half  as much as (he used to): 是 … 的一半
half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as …as…表示倍数
I won’t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
We got three times as many people as we exected.
This room is about three times as large as that one.

…as (形容词或副词原形)as… 是 …几倍
比 …多几倍：…times (形容词或副词比较级)
This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one.

is well worth the loss of money
 What he obtained is well worth the loss of time
Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth

Special difficulties难点

A． 英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语，只能代某物或某事。如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to.

Eg: He explained the difficulty to me
He told a story to me.=> He told me a story.
两类词汇：tell可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
          explain, say只能带一个（直接）宾语，在间接宾语前要介词to 
She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
He admitted his guilt to the police.
Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时，通常放在间接宾语之后，但say除外
I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
B.  worth adj. 后面只能跟名词或动名词
His suggestion is worth considering.

a. That people often care more about the status of a job than the salary.
b. That ‘white-collar workers’ usually wear a suit to go to work.
c. That manual workers prefer to keep their job a secret.
d. That office workers usually earn less than manual workers.

illustrate: 阐明，阐述
根据’ … a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker’
1. A

2  What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?

a. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.
b. He disguised himself as a dustman.
c. He led a double life.
d. He earned twice as much as he used to.
disguise /dis’gaiz/ vt. 假装，扮作；隐瞒；n. 假装；化装服
Double life
2. C

3  Why did Alfred Bloggs consider wearing a suit all day and being called ‘Mr. Bloggs’ so important?
a. His new job is worth more than his previous one in every respect.
b. He will no longer need a shower before returning home from work.
c. He can now tell his wife about his previous job without embarrassment.
d. He feels that other people will respect him more.

3. D
‘…he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.’

4  They usually wear a collar and tie       … (l.4)

a. as they work    b. to work    c. going to work    d. in order to work

to go 可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.
4. B

5  Alf was       anything to his wife. (l.9)

a. so embarrassed he said            b. very embarrassed and said 
c. very embarrassed, so he said       d. so embarrassed he did not say

‘Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.’
Too…to (不定式to 表示否定)
So…that:“如此…以至于”（在that引导的结果状语从句中，如果采用否定式，可以和too…to互换）
Eg: The water is too hot for us to drink. => The water is so hot that we can’t drink.

6  He told her that he worked for the Corporation        …(ll.9-10)

a. simply    b. in a simple way    c. and no more    d. only

‘ He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.’
Simply adv “仅仅是，再没有别的了” = only, just
无论是simply, only 还是just, 往往用在主体之前
I did it simply / only for the money.
I don’t like driving. I do it simply / only because I have to go to work each day.
And no more ---放句尾
in a simple way: 简单的，简朴的
Eg: She was always dressed in a simple way.

7  Before he       home at night, he took a shower… (ll.11-12)

a. was returning    b. returned    c. had returned    d. will return
如果主、从的主语一致，可用介词和动名词形式搭配。
Before—连接词，引导时间状语从句（一般使用简单时态，不用将来时）
  Before he returned home…
Before引导的从句，常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。

8  His earnings were only half the amount        …(l.14)

a. as they used to    b. they used to    c. they used to be    d. they were used to
‘ half as much as it used to be’