words：
名词：
N.
1.经历（可数） 1.experience（ an
amusing experience 一次有趣的经历
an unpleasant
experience一次不愉快的经力
/an unusual experience一次不寻常的经历）
经验、体验（不可数）work experience工作经验
经历、感受V.experience
happiness and bitterness together.
=go through
thick and thin together.
experienced
(adj. 有经验的、有阅历的、熟练的
an
experienced nurse一个有经验的护士
2.搭便车 2.lift(v.举起、抬起lift one's
hat举起帽子)(n.电梯lift=elevator)
(give sb. a lift给...搭车/ask sb. a lift要求搭车/
hitch a lift/搭车）
（n.心情的高涨、高扬give one's spirits a lift精神为之一振）
（电梯服务员
liftboy=elevator operator)
3.语言
3.language(speak a language讲一门语言spoken language口语
written language书面语言a foreign language外语
one's native language母语body language肢体语言
sign language手势语言）
4.旅行
4.journey（a long train journey 长途旅行=trip 短途旅行a bus
trip /
a
bussiness trip 公差/take a trip旅游)
voyage 航海旅行、乘船旅行
go on /take /make a voyage around the
world环游世界
5.南 5.south/北north/西west/东east（in
the south of...在...南部（范围之内）
on the south of...在...南部（范围之外、接壤、相邻）
to the south of ...
...以南部（隔海相望）
6.法国 、法兰西
6.France(French法语、法国人N.法国的adj. Frenchman/Frenchwoman/
in French 用法语France法郎(法国、瑞士、比利时货币单位）
(French
chalk滑石粉/take Frencg leave不辞而别/
French doors落地玻璃门/French windows落地玻璃窗/
French chips炸薯条=chips(in German用德语/Germanay德国）
动词：
V.
1.招手
1.wave(向...招手wave at sb./wave to sb./挥手wave a hand/
挥旗wave a flag /送别、告别wave sb.
goodbye/wave goodbye to sb.)
2.回答、回复 2.replay
vi.(回信reply to a letter=answer a letter
回答问题reply to a question)
answer vt.(answer back/talk back顶嘴）（answer for对...负责、
代表answer for one's popurse代表...目的）
（reply=respond vi. respond to
one's question
3.驾驶、开车 3.drive-drove-driven(drive
on继续开go on）
4.在去...路上 4.on
the way to (in the way挡路、用这种方式、
by rhe way顺便说、顺便提
on a way=in some way在某种意义上
用这种方式in
this way用那种方式in that way
随心所欲get one's own way）
形容词： adj.
1.好笑的，有趣的
1.amusing(enjoyable/causing laughter or smiles）
amuse(v.make sb. laugh or smile)amuse sb.逗乐...
be amused at/by sb.被..逗乐be amused to do
sth.做...取乐
amusement(n.取乐、消遣）（in amusement取乐)
词组：
Expressions:
1.在途中 1.on
the way
2.要求搭车
2.ask for a lift(ask sb. for sth.向...要求什么东西
ask for sth. 要求...东西）
3.除了...以外
3.apart from
4.离开...去... 4.leave...for...=leave
for去...
（退学leave school/辞职leave one's work)
(take French leave不辞而别 leave it at all到此为止）
5.上车 5.get
on=get into（下车get off=get out off）
6.对...说...
6.say sth. to sb.(say good morning to sb./say hello to sb.)
7.除了 7.apart
from一种表示“除了”=相当于except for
=besides“除了，也，而且还有”
except for 通常放在句首表示除去微不足道的瑕疵东西不影响大局.
=except prep.表示从整体中去掉，除掉
/except sth./except dokng sth./except that/
but"除了"常用语evryone,nobody,nowhere,anyone,who,all,none等
不定代词之后
除了鼻子他相当好看。
Apart for/except for his nose,he is quite
good-looking.
除了缺乏经验她还是不错的女孩。
She is a good girl,except for inexperience.
除了右胳膊，他的两条腿也坏了。
Besides /Apart for his right arm,he broke his two
legs,too.
除了约翰之外，我还请了所有的人参加我的舞会。
I invited evryone to my party except/but
John.
除了5个便士，我再也没有了。
Except for /but 5 pence,I have
nothing about me.
除了傻子之谁岁还能做这件事？
Who but a fool would do such
a thing?
8.根本不、不客气 8.not...
at all=no+n. at
all Not at
all=You are wellcome.
9.两者都不
9.neither (which one/either of...任选一个 neither of 两者都不
两者都both of...）
10.到达
10.reach+wh.=get to=arrive at/in=come to
11.有点
11.a little 不能用在否定句中。
I don't know a little French.错了 I know little
French.
12.一小块(地 )
12.a plot of...（a plot of land一小块地）
13.一小片，一滩，
13.a pool of...(pools of water几个小水坑）
一群，一批
a pool of workers（一群工人）
句子：
1.我继续驶往下一个城镇。
2.我很快就知道他自己就是个英国人。
3.他结束了工作他回家了。
4.孩子们打碎玻璃之后跑了。
5.太阳一下山我们就回到了旅馆。
6.他吃完中午饭后就要了一杯水。
7.在他解释之前我不懂这个问题。
8.课后他问了我一个问题。
9.他要一个苹果。
10.除了乔治之外，我请了每一个人、
11.除此之外，其他都已就绪。
12.这两个你要哪一个?
13.哪个一个都行。我那一个也不喜欢。这两个我都买了。
Sentents：
1.I drove on to the next town.
2.As I soon learnt, he was English himself!
3.He finished work.He went home.=After he had finished work he
went home.
4.The children ran away after they had broken the window.
5.As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
6.When he had finished lunch he asked for a glass of water.
7.I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
8.After the lesson, he asked me a question.
9.He asked for an apple.
10.I invited everyone except George.
11.Except for/Apart from this,evrything is in order.
12.Which of the two do you want?
13.Either of them will do.I like neither of them.I bought both
of them.
语法：
Grammer：
过去完成时：表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态
表示在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。
1.
基本形式：had +
过去分词。
2.
否定形式：had + not +
过去分词(had
not照样可缩写hadn't)。
3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes,
主语 + had. / No,
主语 + hadn't.
例：Had she told you to go
there earlier yesterday?
她昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
是的，她告诉了。/
不，她没有。
4.
被动语态形式：had + been
+
过去分词。
如：When I got there, the
windows had been broken.
当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。
<最佳拍档>我可是个相对的时态，自然不能离开过去某时
/
动作而“独闯天下”，只能早于过去某时 /
动作，或频频“光顾”于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，所以already / yet /still /just / before / never /
by（the end of）last year
等时间状语常来“配合作战”；也常活跃在
（when/as soon as/after/until/before)+
过去时态从句或by the time
+
过去时态从句等的主句中。
如：By the time we got
there, she had left.
当我们到达那里的时候，她已经离开了。
<与其他时态间的联系与区别>
1.
与一般过去时态“小同大异”：我和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，
但我强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、
习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。
请区别：
By
the end of last year, I had visited seven different
cities.
截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。
We learned another
English song last month.
上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。
2.与现在完成时态“似是而非”：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；
而我表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：
I have been there
twice.
我去过那儿两次。
I
had been there twice before I went to school.
在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。
【完成时态专练】
1. He
_____turn）off the light. We can leave now.
2. By the time we got to the
cinema, the film __（begin）.
3. She
_____（finish）her homework before I left school.
4. My mother
____（be）a teacher since 2003.
5. He told us that he
___（give）the book to his brother.
6. I
_____（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.
7. They
___（stay）in China for a long time.
8. My father
___（arrive）home before nine o’clock last night.
【参考答案】
1. has turned 2. had
began 3. had
finished 4. has
been
5. had
given 6. have
washed7. have
stayed 8. had
arrived
过去完成时练习题：
1)The police found that the house ____and a lot of
things_____.
A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been
stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into,
stolen
2)By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern
country.
A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built
3)We____the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been
finished
4)I____to help you but couldn’t get here in time.
A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting
5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___.
A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours
before
C. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours
before
6)When I reached home, my parents ____their supper.
A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already
had
7)It seems that the old man ____something important.
A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose
8)She____in this school___the past ten years.
A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since
C.would teach, for D. has been teaching,
for
9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ____by the time I
arrived.
A.she’d left B.she's left C. She was left
D.she must leave
10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I______.
A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected
11)We couldn’t catch up with the others because they __too long
before us.
A.started B.were starting C.have started D.had started
12)She felt anxious about her son as she ___for quite a long
time.
A.haven't heard him B. hadn’t heard him
C.haven‘t heard from him D. hadn’t heard from
him
13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the
listeners___.
A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were
seating
14)By the end of next July this building____.
A. will be finished B. will have finished
C. will have been finished D. had been finished
15)By the time the war ____, most of the people had left.
A.was began B. was broken out
C.broke out D. had been broken out
16)If she ______harder, she would have succeeded.
A. had worked B. have worked C. should work D. worked
17)I wish ______I you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
18)He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there.
A. had been B.has been C. was D. been
19)That dinner was the most expensive meal we___.
A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had
20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary ______for almost an
hour.
A. had gone B. had set of C. had left D. had been away
二．多项选择
1．I lost the book I ＿＿＿＿．
A．have bought B．bought C．had bought D．had been bought
2．The bus had gone when I ＿＿＿＿ at the bus stop．
A．have arrived B．arrived C．had arrived D．am arriving
3．Tom - of visiting his grandmother，but the
bad
but the
bad weather made him change his mi．
A．has thought B．thought C．had thought D．had been thought
4.Did you meet Tom at the airport？No，he ＿ by the time I ＿
there．
A．has left；got B．had left；arrived C.left；arrived D．left；had
got
5．Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday？He ＿ Beijing．
A．has gone to B．had gone to C．went to D．had been to
6.I ＿ to come to help you． —But you didn’t come．
A．have meant B．had meant C．meant D．will mean
7．Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，
for which she＿＿＿ five
times．
A．had tried B．was trying C．has tried D.tried
8．I have bought you the books you want．Oh，good，I ＿ afraid you
had forgotten．
A．was B．am C．had been D．have been
答案 1—5D D C B D 6—10D A D A D11—15D D B C C 16—20A C A D D。
Key: 1-5 CBCBB 6-8 BAA
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句: As I soon
learnt,he was English himself.
1. Mary lives in the room, the door _____ opens east.
A. of it B. of which C. of
that D. whose
2. The engineer___ my father is talking has just come from
abroad.
A. with whom B. with who C.
with which D. that
3.He lives in a hotel,___ is only five minutes’ walk from
here.
A. that B.
which C. in
which D. where
4.Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
. A. which
B. who C.
as D. that
5. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works
__are known to us.
A. which B. that C.
as D. who
6. This is the reason __ they are all against the plan.
A. which B. that C.
why D. what
7.It was not until late in the evening__ the traveler found a
hotel.
A. which B.
that C. as D. where
8.I didn’t like the way _____ she spoke to me.
A. which B. that C. how D. as
9.This is___ I can do for you right now.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
10.It was at our college library __ I borrowed the novel.
A. which B. in which C. that
D. where
11. I have seen trees, _____
open at sunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leaves B. of
which leaves C. whose
leaves D. its leaves
12. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B.
that C. what D. which
13.The foreign guests,__ were scientists, were warmly welcomed
at the airport.
A. most of whom B. most of
them C. most of which D. most
of those
14.On the train I saw a student___ I thought was your
sister.
A. who B. whom C. which D.
that
15.Is the river __ through the town very long?
A. flows B. that flows C.
which flow D. the one flows
16.Is this college___ they went to last year?
A. that B. which C. the
one D. the one what
17. Is this the university
_____ you visited last time?
A. that one B. which C. the
one D. the one what
18.I’d like to tell you _____ I saw in the exhibition.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D. /
19.I hope that the little__ I have been able to do has been of
some use.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D. for which
20. Who __ has common sense will do such a thing?
A.
which
B. that C
.whose D.
whom
21 The bike and its rider___ had knocked down the boy were taken
to the police.
A.
who
B
.that
C. which D.
whom
22. Put the letter__ he can find it easily.
A. in
which
B. at which
C. where D.
which
23. This is the very letter__ I am looking for .
A.
which
B. that C.
as D. what
24. Tom didn’t attend the meeting, ___ we expected.
A.
where
B. that C. as
D. what
25. I will give you such information __ will help you.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
as
D. what
26. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
A.
which
B.
that
C. where D. it
27. The lady ____ is a woman scientist.
A. whom you spoke B. with
which you spoke C. whom you said
to D. you spoke to
28. This is the third week___ the dustmen haven’t come for the
rubbish.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
which
D. on which
29. He is the only one of the students __ the truth.
A. who
know B. who
knows C. that
know D. who are knowing
30. Did they find they went back____ ?
A. where had they been B.
where were they C. where they had
been D. where they were
31. To get the job started, __ I need is your permission.
A. only
what
B. all
what
C. all
that
D. only that
32. My father bought me several books, but___ was
interesting.
A. most of
them B. none of
them C. none of
which D. neither of which
33.“Thirty-nine Steps” is one of the most exciting films
__directed by Alfred Hotchcock.
A. which
was
B. that was
C. that were
D. which were
34. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed
from the plants __ wild.
A. once they
grew B. they grew once C. that
once grew D. once grew
35. Those _____ were not fit for their work could not see the
beautiful clothes.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D. whose
36. The children themselves were calm enough; __ the parents
that got into a
panic. A. in
spite of B. those were C. it
was
D. however
37. It is many years _____ we met last in London.
A.
since
B.
when
C.
that
D. which
38. She’ll be on the same train _____ I am on today.
A.
as
B.
like
C.
with
D. that
39. When people talk about the cities of US, the first __ comes
into mind is New York.
A.
city
B. of
them
C.
one
D. that
40. Is there anyone in your class __ family is in the city?
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
what
D. who
41. He hasn’t got enough money with __ he can buy the
computer.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
it
D. whom
42. Winter is the time of year __the days are short and nights
are long.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
when
D. whose
43. Football, __ is a very interesting game, is played all over
the world.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
it
D. who
BABDB
CBBCD CBAAB
CBCBB BCBCC
BDABC CBCCA
CADDB BCB
一、单项填空
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1． This is the only one of the
students _____ the truth．
A． that knows B． that know
C． who know D． which knows
2． Do you know the girl
_____?
A． whom he often talk to B． to
who he often talks
C． to that he often talks D．
he often talks to
3． The world _____ we live is
made up of matter．
A． on which B． of which C．
at which D． in which
4． There are no children _____
love their parents．
A． that do not B． who does
not C． that D． who
5． I’m one of the boys _____
never late for school．
A． that is B． who are C． who
am D． who is
6． Abraham Lincoln， _____ led
the United States _____ these years，
was _____ of the greatest presidents．
A． he；for；a B．
whom；in；one
C． who；at；one D．
who；through；one
7． Who is the girl _____ wearing
a red dress?
A． whose B． that C． whom
D． that’s
8． The old man _____ yesterday
is a scientist．
A． I spoke B． I spoke
to
C． whom I spoke D． that I
spoke to him
9． The young man _____ is an
engineer of our factory．
A． that you just talked B．
whom you just talked to
C． which you just talked to D．
who you just talked
10． The dictionary _____ is sold
out in the bookshop．
A． you need B． what you
need
C． which you need it D． that
you need it
11． Is this the shop _____ sells
children’s clothing?
A． which B． where C． in
which D． what
12． Qingdao is the most
satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit．
A． which B． where C． that
D． in which
13． The magazine _____ Betty
paid one dollar was very good．
A． that B． which C． for
which D． to which
14.The two things___ they felt
very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair．
A． about which B． of which
C． in which D． for which
15． He was the man _____ Master
of Game was translated．
A． by whom B． by who C． by
whose D． by him
16． This is the factory _____ we
visited last week．
A． which B． where C． who
D． in which
17． Is this school _____ we are
going to visit tomorrow?
A． which B． that C． where
D． the one
18． Ahead of me I saw a woman
_____ I thought was my aunt．
A． who B． whom C． of whom
D． whose
19． This is the key _____．
A． which you are looking for
B． for which you are looking
C． for that you are looking D．
you are looking for which
20． The woman _____ is his
mother．
A． of whom he takes care B． of
that he takes care
C． he takes care of D． whom
he takes care
21． He reached London in
1994,___， some time later， he became a famous actor．
A． when B． where C． which
D． who
22． Such things _____ you
described are rare now．
A． as B． who C． which D．
that
23． In those days， he would go
to Mr． Black and his family， _____．
A． where he was treated as part
of them
B． for whom it was kind
C． with whom he had a wonderful
time
D． that was the most pleasant
part of his life
24． Which sentence is
wrong?
A． The finger I dipped into the
cup was not the one I put it into my mouth．
B． Do you know the boy who
jumped onto the platform?
C． Science and new technology
have made
it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of
land．
D． People in ancient times took
it for granted that the sun moved round the earth．
25． The Second World War _____
millions of people were killed ended in 1945．
A． when B． during that C． in
which D． which
26． He was born in the year
_____ the Anti－Japanese War broke out．
A． which B． when C． on
which D． during which
27． We are going to spend the
Spring festival in Guangzhou，
_____ live my grandparents and some
relatives．
A． which B． that C． who D．
where
28． Is that the reason _____ you
are in favor of the proposal?
A． which B． what C． why D．
for that
29． Some of the roads were
flooded， _____ made our journey more difficult．
A． which B． it C． what D．
that
30． He must be from Africa，
_____ can be seen from his skin．
A． that B． as C． who D．
what
31． Mr． Wu， _____ everybody
likes， is going to give us a talk on chemistry．
A． whom B． that C． which
D． /
32． The general at last got a
chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight，
_____ he had been dreaming of for years．
A． that； which B． where；
that
C． in which； what D． where；
which
33． He has to work on Sundays，
_____ he does not like．
A． and which B． which C． and
when D． when
34． Is there a restaurant around
_____ I can have something to eat?
A． when B． that C． where
D． which
35． As many members _____ were
present agreed to the plan．
A． who B． that C． which D．
as
答案及解析：
1． 选A。the only one of the
students是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
2．选D。关系代词为whom或者that，在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。
3．选D。介词in与live搭配，提到关系代词之前。
4．选A。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
5．选B。boys是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
6．选D。who引导非限制性定语从句；through表示“经过”。
7． 选D。that’s是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。
8．选B。关系代词为whom或者that，在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
9． 选B。关系代词作介词宾语，介词不可省略。
10．选A。关系代词为that或者which，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
11．选A。先行词是shop，关系代词在从句中作主语。
12．选C。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰的时候，定语从句用that引导。
13．选C。介词for与paid搭配，提到关系代词之前。
14． 选B。介词of与felt
proud搭配，提到关系代词之前。
15．选A。介词by与translated搭配，提到关系代词whom之前，不能提到who之前。
16．选A。先行词是factory，关系代词在从句中作宾语。
17．选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词；加上一个the one作为先行词；
关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
18． 选A。I
thought是插入语，who在从句中作主语。
19． 选A。look
for是动词短语，因此介词不能提前。
20． 选C。take care
of是动词短语，因此介词不能提前，可以省略关系代词。
21．选B。先行词是London，并不是时间，因此用where引导定语从句。
22．选A。当先行词被such修饰的时候，要用as引导定语从句。
23． 选C。Mr． Black and his
family看作是人，应该用whom引导定语从句。
24．选A。it多余，省略掉的关系代词which在从句中作put的宾语。
25． 选C。the Second
War应该看作事件而不是时间，因此要用which引导定语从句。
26． 选B。year作先行词，从句用when引导。
27．选D。先行词是地点，where在从句中作状语，为倒装语序。
28．选C。reason作先行词，从句用why引导。
29． 选A。非限制性定语从句用which引导。
30．选B。as引导的非限制性定语从句表示“正如……”。
31．选A。whom引导的非限制性定语从句，whom在句中作宾语。
32．选D。第一个定语从句中where作状语；第二个非限制性定语从句中which作dream of的宾语。
33． 选B。先行词是前面整个一句话。
34．选C。around是副词，并不是介词提前；先行词是地点，用where引导从句。
35．选D。当先行词被as修饰的时候，要用as引导定语从句。
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