清清浊浊元后浊简述

1.-s/-es（名词复数及动词第三人称单数的变化形式）

(1)清辅音后读/s/ 如: maps books likes 

(2)浊辅音后读/z/ 如: bags leaves

(3)元音后读/z/ 如: plays teachers

(4)如名词/动词的原形本身是以/s/、/z/读音结尾的，后加的-s/-es读/iz/ 

  如:buses boxes oranges watches washes

(5)特殊的，以/ʃ/、/tʃ/、/dʒ/结尾的，后加的-s/-es读/s/

2.-ed发音规律（动词过去式/过去分词的变化形式）

(1)清辅音后读/t/ 如: watched stopped

(2)浊辅音后读/d/ 如: saved recognized

(3)元音后读/d/ 如: played referred

(4)如动词的原形本身是以/t/、/d/读音结尾的，后加的-d/-ed读/id/ 

    如: wanted surrounded