中考英语阅读理解题三篇（有解析）

 

根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。

(1)

In 1605, a scientist took a willow branch(柳枝) and planted it. He didn’t plant it in the ground, however. He planted it in a vase of soil(泥土). For the next five years, the scientist watered that willow carefully.

The willow grew and grew. Where did it get the food for its growth? To most people, this was an easy question. The willow plant, of course, took the food from the soil.

The scientist, however, wanted evidence(证据).If the willow took the food from the soil for its growth, then, as it grew and weighed more, the soil ought to weigh less. He weighed the willow branch before he planted it. It weighed five pounds. Then he weighed the soil. It weighed 200 pounds. After five years, he weighed the plant and the soil again. The willow tree weighed 169 pounds, but the soil weighed almost the same.

The result(结果) was surprising. Where did the 164 pounds come from?

After many investigations(调查), the scientist got the answer. He had given water to the willow, and the willow got its food from the water.

He was right, in a way. Today we know more about the question.

1. The scientist did the experiment in the sixteenth century.

2. Most people thought the plant got the food from the soil for its growth.

3. The soil in the vase weighed two hundred pounds.

4. The scientist found that the willow grew and weighed more and the soil weighed less.

5. The soil weighed 164 pounds after five years.

6. Now we know about the question as much as the scientist did.

 

(2)

Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think their parents are too strict with them, and they are never given a free hand.

Parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust(信任) and they seem to forget how they themselves felt when they were young.

For example, young people like to do things without much thinking. It’s one of their ways to show that they grow up and they can do with any difficult things. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan(计划) things ahead and don’t like their plans to be changed.

When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success (成功) if you ask before you really start doing it.

Young people often make their parents angry by clothes they want, the music they enjoy and something else. But they don’t mean to cause (引起) any trouble. They just feel that in this way they can be cut off from the old people’s world and they want to make a new culture (文化) of their own. And if their parents don’t like their music or clothes or their manner of speech, the young people feel very unhappy.

Sometimes you even don’t want your parents to say, “Yes” to what you do. You want to stay at home alone and do what you like.

If you plan to control (控制) your life, you’d better win your parents trust and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have high sense of responsibility (责任感), they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.

1. When young people are with their parents, they don’t feel pleased.

2. What young people think is different from what older people do.

3. What young people do is to make their parents unhappy.

4. When children grow up, they hope to let them do everything alone.

5. If you try to get your parents to understand you, you must do well in everything.

(3)

Now TV programs play an important part in our daily life. We can get a lot of knowledge and a lot of fun from it. Today is Saturday. The following are some TV programs on different channels today. Now read these TV programs and try to find some information for you and your family members.

SXTV Channel 7 13: 12  Football Match	XATV Channel 4 15: 30  TV Play
SXTV Channel 6 18: 30 Cartoon Film	CCTV Channel 1 12: 38 Law Today
CCTV Channel 1 19: 00 News Report	CCTV Channel 3 21: 00 The Latest Music

1. My grandfather is interested in laws. He can watch CCTV Channel 1 at noon.

2. My father is a football fan. He prefers football matches. He can watch CCTV Channel 1.

3. My mother likes watching TV plays. She wants to watch XATV Channel 4 in the afternoon.

4. My sister is only six years old. I want to find a program for her. I think she can watch CCTV Channel 6.

5. I’m a student. I like music, but I am not very busy tonight. So I can watch CCTV Channel 3 this evening.

 

【答案与解析】

(1)

1. B 事实细节题。因为1605年是第17世纪的第5年，而不是第16世纪。

2. A事实细节题。由第2段To most people, this was an easy question. The willow plant, of course, took the food from the soil 可知。

3. A事实细节题。由第3段的Then he weighed the soil. It weighed 200 pounds可知。

4. B事实细节题。由第3段最后一句The willow tree weighed 169 pounds, but the soil weighed almost the same可知。

5. B事实细节题。因为164 pounds不是土壤的重，而是the willow由5年前的5 pounds到169 pounds所增加的重量。

6. B事实细节题。由文章最后一句Today we know more about the question 可知。

(2)

1. A 事实细节题。由第１段的第１句Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents可知。

2. A 推理判断题。由第1、2段所述内容及第3段所举的例子可以推断出。

3. B 推理判断题。由第5段中的But they don’t mean to cause (引起) any trouble 可推断出。

4. A 事实细节题。由第3段A It’s one of their ways to show that they grow up and they can do with any difficult things 可知。

5. B 推理判断题。由最后一段的第１句If you plan to control (控制) your life, you’d better win your parents trust and try to get them to understand you 可推出。

(3)

1. A 事实细节题。从表中右栏第２格看出，中午12点38分中央电视台1频道有“今日说法”节目，爷爷当然可以观看。

2. B 事实细节题。从上表左栏第１格可看出，播放足球赛的是SXTV Channel 7，而不是CCTV Channel 1。

3. A 事实细节题。从表中右栏第1格我们可以看到，15点30分西安电视台4频道播放电视剧，母亲完全可以看。

4. B 事实细节题。从表中左栏第2格可以看到，SXTV Channel 6有适合六岁的妹妹看的卡通片，而不是CCTV Channel 6。

5. A 事实细节题。今天晚上我不很忙，因此可以看CCTV Channel 3的The Latest Music节目。

中考英语回答问题型阅读理解的答题技巧

 

先仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，把握文章意思，然后再研读跟问题相关的句子、句子的关键词/短语等；在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼出问题答案的表述内容；记住要看清问题，不要答非所问，同时表述的句子内容要简洁明了、语法正确、语句通顺、书写规范，不要照搬照抄原文的句子。

[实例分析]

If you are studying English, the Language Study Fair (游乐会)that is being held this month will certainly attract you. The fair is going on between the 28^th and 30^th of June at the National Education Centre. It is held to answer all your questions about self-study no matter how your English is.

The Language Study Fair gives a very good chance for you to see and to get all kinds of information to help you improve the way you study. Over 350 producers of educational materials (材料)will be at the fair. Come along to this, and you won’t waste your money in the future on materials that are out-of-date, or books that you just don’t need. We’ve got lots of different things for you to see and hear. There will be stands (展台)showing different kinds of self-study textbooks and talks by educational speakers on the best ways to study by yourself. We’re sure you’ll also enjoy watching people using the latest computer programs to make studying English alone so much easier. This is for you to make good decisions about what to buy. You can come to the fair from nine thirty to five. Tickets cost £5 each, or £3 if you’re a full-time student. All tickets can be booked by ringing the ticket hotline. The number is 9847711.

So, we hope to see you there!

1.Who will go to the Language Study Fair?

___________________________________________________________________

2.What will attract those who go to the Language Study Fair ?

___________________________________________________________________

3.What will you buy if you want to make studying English much easier?

___________________________________________________________________

4.What is the opening time of the fair ?

___________________________________________________________________

5. How can you get a ticket for the fair ?

___________________________________________________________________

【答案与解析】

1. School students / English learners / Lovers of English. 由句子“If you’re studying English, the Language Study Fair that’s being held this month will certainly attract you.”可以推知：不论是学生还是英语学习者和爱好者等都会前往。

2. All kinds of information on English learning / Educational materials / Different kinds of self-study textbooks / Talks on the best ways to study by yourself / The latest computer programs to make studying English alone so much easier.根据短文第二段的大部分内容介绍“语言学习游乐会”的主要内容，这些也是展示会上引人注目的内容。

3. Different kinds of self-study textbooks and the latest computer programs 根据短文内容推测自学课本和教学自学方法的电脑软件可以帮助学习英语的人自己自学英语，提高自学英语的效率。

4. From nine thirty to five between the 28^th and 30^th of June. 根据短文中的句子“The fair is going on between the 28^th and 30^th of June.”和句子 “You can come to the fair from nine thirty to five.”可知。 

5. By ringing / Phone the ticket hotline / By calling 9847711.根据短文中的句子 “All the tickets can be booked by ringing the ticket hotline. The number is 9847711.”可以知道答案。

短文改写填空型阅读理解

 

 

首先考生要通读短文全文并弄清短文大意，抓关键句；其次浏览缩写后的短文；在了解其大意的同时，确定所要填写的内容，即所要填写的词语或短语是否与已知文段相一致（如有的是固定搭配；有的句子是文章中原句的同义句等），同时要注意填写的词语（短语）的正确性（如动词的时态、人称、名词的单复数、大小写、主谓一致等），千万不要在没有读懂文章的情况下匆匆填写单词，这样往往会出错；填写完后，再将改写的文章通读一遍，看看改写的短文是否流畅，语句是否通顺，语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理；同时还要注意到原文，看所改写的短文是否与原文意思相符。

[实例分析] www.zkenglish.com

John, I’ll be home late tonight. I have to stay for a business meeting after work. Will you please pick up my jacket from the dry cleaner ? The children are at Mother’s.Pick them up there. Could you give them their bath (洗澡 ) and make dinner for them ? Don’t wait for me for dinner. I don’t know what time the meeting will end. And please don’t forget to buy some bread, milk and a little butter at the supermarket. We don’t have any.   Love, Sue

This is a    1   from Sue to John. Sue is John’s   2  . One day Sue had to stay for a meeting and couldn’t go home for   3  . The children were at their    4   home. So Sue wrote to tell John to do some    5  . He would go and get the children    6   first, then he would    7   some bread, milk and     8    the children to take a bath. She didn’t tell John how long the meeting would    9   because she didn’t    10   when the meeting would be over.

通读短文后知道：这是Sue 留给丈夫John的一封短信。Sue 因为要参加一个会议不能去接孩子和回家做家务事，她在信内告诉丈夫John要做那些家务事，并且说因为不知道会议要开多久，她不要John等她回来吃饭。www.zkenglish.com

答案1：letter / note / message。从文章格式可以知道。

答案2：wife。从Sue 叫John 到母亲家里去接孩子；要为孩子洗澡；买食品和信结尾的内容可以知道。

答案3：dinner / supper。根据信中的句子 “I have to stay for business meeting after work.” 和句子 “ Don’t wait for me for dinner.” 可以知道。

答案4：grandmother’s。文章中Sue 对丈夫John 说孩子是在母亲家里，对孩子们来说他们是在奶奶/外婆家了。

答案5：housework。由Sue 要 John 接孩子，为他们洗澡和准备晚餐，并到超级商场买食品等知道Sue 要John 做一些家务活。

答案6：back / home。由句子 “ The children are at Mother’s. Pick them up there.” 可以知道答案。

答案7：buy / get。根据短信最后两句意思可以知道。

答案8：help / ask / tell。由句子 “Could you give them their bath ?” 可以知道答案。

答案9：last / be。

答案10：know。根据信中的句子 “ Don’t wait for me for dinner. I don’t know what time the meeting will end.” 可以推知这两道题的答案。

初中英语阅读训练的六种方法

 

 

 

1. 讲究阅读方法

(1)依据主题句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。

如：  

My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn’t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn’t know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we’d done.

This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. the writer’s friends at the Activity Center

B. the writer’s experience at the Activity Center

C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center

D. how to go rock-climbing and caving

[参考答案B] 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writer’s experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。

(2) 掌握具体事实和重要细节：阅读文章时，要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证，是用来支持和说明中心思想的，而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。

如：If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” I’m sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives.

Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because it’s so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士乐). She thinks jazz is really cool.

“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.”

But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing (轻松的) music,” she says. That’s why she likes country music, I think.

①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.

A. it’s an exciting part of our lives  

B. it’s an amazing part of our lives

C. it’s an important part of our lives

②What kind of music does the writer like? 

A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dance music.  C. Jazz and country music.

③Who likes dancing?  

A. The writer.  B. Li Lan.    C. Jane.

④The writer’s mother thinks that country music is __________.

A. amazing       B. boring           C. relaxing

⑤ How many people’s ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?

A. 4.               B. 5.            C. 6.

这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。答案分别为 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。

(3) 运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义：在阅读文章的过程中，常常会遇到一些生词，如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解，但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文，结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义，这有助于加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解能力。如：

Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.

“Erosion” in the passage means ____________.

A. 地震          B. 雪崩             C. 侵蚀              D. 霜冻

根据前面的语句If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解释可以推知erosion是一种自然地理现象，即“侵蚀”，答案为C。

2. 训练阅读速度

在阅读中，我们或多或少会碰到一些生词和不熟悉的短语，这些生词和短语会妨碍我们对文章中心的理解，但我们总是查阅词典也会影响阅读的速度。为了不查词典又能破解生词词义，并理解好文章的中心，要求考生根据构词法判断词义。如：This material is unreadable.中 unreadable是生词。学生可以根据词根 read ，知道 un和 able分别为前缀和后缀，那么 unreadable的意义就不难猜测了；还可以培养学生根据生词与上下文的关系来猜测其意义。生词所在的句子、段落会提供很多的暗示和线索，依据这些暗示和线索就可以理解生词的词义了。如：同义词反义词线索；解释性线索；例证性线索；标点符号线索等。如：

A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就解释了 herdsman的词义为“牧人”。

B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与 likes to make friends意义相近。

通过这些方式可以帮助学生加快阅读速度，进一步提高阅读正确率。

3. 改进阅读方式

（1）预测：培养学生依据文章标题（副标题）、插图以及相关的背景知识和社会生活经验，对文章的大致内容预测以及可能涉及到的词汇，然后阅读文章的第一段，并对自己的预测进行验证、纠正，同时抓住主题句、关键词，从而更好地从整体上去理解和把握文章的中心。

（2）略读：指导学生快速浏览全文，领会文章大意，辨析文体，掌握篇章结构，进而抓住文章的中心。

3）查读：指导学生在浏览全文的基础上进行查读，以回答个别事实细节性的问题。有些细节性的问题不能直接在短文中找到答案，必须进行必要的综合、归纳、转换才能获得，也就是要在直接可获得的事实和细节的基础上经过综合、归纳、转换间接地获得所需要的事实和细节。它通常涉及数据、时间、人称、代词的指代、动作的行为的关联、动作行为者与承受者、地点和空间、表态方式、因果、条件、内涵与外延等。如：

One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center.

“Why do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,” Mrs. Wilson said. “Help me check the prices, please.”

The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, “We don’t think you saved money by going to the supermarket.” “Of course I did,” Mrs. Wilson said “Everything was cheaper there.”

“We know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !”

Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right.

“Well done,” she said. “Next time we’ll do the shopping nearby.”

①The things at the corner store were ____ than those in the supermarket.

A. cheaper    B. nicer     C. more expensive    D. Better 

② Mrs. Wilson _________ in the end.

A. spent more money          B. paid less money 

C. lost some money                    D. saved a little money

这两个问题都是细节性问题，但又不能直接从文章中得出答案，要经过分析和计算间接地获得事实细节。①选C。由 Mrs. Wilson 的话“Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home. ”分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.②选A。 Mrs. Wilson 在超级市场买的东西是便宜的，但返回时由于东西多结果打的士回家将打的士的费用摊进去就高于节省的费用了，因此可以知道：Mrs. Wilson spent more money in the end.

4. 扩大英语阅读量

目前初中英语教科书所提供的阅读量较以前有较大幅度的增加，在题材、体裁的选取，功能与话题的设计方面均注意到多样化和广泛性；内容贴近学生实际，教师可以立足教材阅读材料指导和训练学生阅读方法与技巧，教学语言知识和指导学生掌握句法、语法，扩大词汇量，培养阅读兴趣，帮助学生奠定一定的英语阅读能力。但教材中的阅读量离大纲和课标要求的阅读量远远不够。课标五级阅读要求规定：除教材外，课外阅读量应 达到15万字以上。因此教师要督促学生精读泛读结合，通过广泛的阅读不仅有利于学生扩大词汇量，丰富语言知识、开阔视野，开拓思路，还有利于了解英美等国的文化背景、生活风俗、思维习惯及英语特有的语言表达方式，从而提高阅读理解能力。

泛读时，要求学生对阅读材料中的各种语言现象不作全面精细认真的分析，而是根据已掌握的语言知识尽快地获取所需要的信息。

5. 强化阅读训练

(1) 指定阅读范围：教师按学生的英语水平将其分成不同的组别，选择与之相适应的英语读物（配有一定量的问题），分别规定阅读的范围，要求他们课外自行安排时间，带着问题快速阅读，并规定一个较宽松的期限进行检查。

(2) 进行阅读指导：对学生阅读过程中遇到的疑难，教师要及时答疑辅导，以帮助学生顺利阅读。但要注意从学法上多加以指导，帮助和引导他们自行分析和解决问题。

(3) 检查阅读效果：到了规定的阅读期限教师可以通过口头练习和笔试结合的方式分组检查学生阅读任务完成的情况。口头练习以学生回答有关问题、讲述阅读文章的心得为主；笔试检查要求学生完成正误判断题，选择题，填空题等。

(4) 展示阅读效果：利用英语课外活动，通过开展书评、辩论会、演讲会等活动来展示不同组学生课外泛读的成果。分A、B组评论读物；讨论读物的人物特征、主要情节等，让学生在宽松的氛围中各抒己见，互相交流，从而促进学生阅读时积极思考，认真阅读，同时加深对读物的理解，培养表达能力。

6. 加强评估指导

通过评估测试可以检测学生阅读理解实际能力与水平，可以摸清学生的强项与不足，从而为进一步培养学生阅读能力提供依据。教师要充分发挥阅读测试的指挥棒作用。阅读测试文章选材要广泛多样，篇幅要恰当，难易要适中，从而确保阅读测试的信度和效度；在题型设计上做到主观性题型和客观性题型兼顾，并针对学生平时阅读中反映出来的重点、难点与疑点，避免题型过于单一以及偏题、怪题现象，更不能片面追求试题难度。客观性测试题要能通过阅读文章直接找到答案；主观性测试题要能在阅读短文后通过上下文，运用联想、比较、归纳、分析判断文章的隐含意义。测试后要认真进行分析和总结，做到发现问题及时解决，以便进一步提高。