基于STS教育的初中化学教育游戏的设计与应用研究

专业：化学课程与教学论   申请者：谢敏   导师：钱扬义 

摘  要

   　 随着信息技术的发展，如何利用信息化的手段实现千百年前已提出的“寓教于乐”的教育思想便成为教育界迫切需要解决的课题。教育游戏正是在这种背景下应运而生。它以娱乐性和趣味性诱发学习者的内部动机，让学习者在游戏所设置的情景中愉快地完成知识的建构。

  　  在新课程条件下， 教学也更加关注生活，与国际教育界提出“STS”教育思想相一致。STS 教育的核心即“生活教育”，强调为科学学习提供真实情景的重要性，让学习者尽可能多地接触与科学技术有关的社会生活实际。因此以STS教育为游戏的设计理念能弥补国内游戏内容局限，情境性薄弱的缺陷。本研究基于以上背景，自主开发以生活化学知识为游戏内容、以STS教育为设计理念的教育游戏，并且在中学进行教育游戏应用研究。本研究分为六个部分。

 　　第一部分对课题的研究背景、研究意义和研究目的进行阐述，从而明确本研究的思路及研究方法，进而提出本研究的课题——基于STS教育的初中化学教育游戏的设计与应用研究，旨在让学生在游戏化教学中渗透STS教育，为教师实施STS教学提供教学资源和教学范例。

 　   第二部分是综述了本课题研究的理论基础和文献综述。理论基础主要综述了

游戏理论和设计思想。文献综述包括2个方面：（1）国外娱教类和与信息技术整合的教育游戏设计研究进展；（2）国外娱教类和与信息技术整合的教育游戏设计研究进展；1.教育性和游戏性的均衡仍是国内外中学化学教育游戏开发的关键；2.国外开发的化学游戏比较注重与生活实际联系，常以生活化学知识为内容蓝本，国内存在内容局限，情境较薄弱的缺陷；3.从化学游戏与信息技术整合的角度来看，国内仍处在起步阶段。国内可以把优秀的娱教类游戏设计成计算机游戏，逐步实现教育游戏与信息技术的整合。因而本研究以STS教育思想为设计理念，把部分优秀的娱教类游戏设计计算机游戏，实现教育游戏教育性与娱乐性的平衡。

　　第三部分是需求分析，分别面向在职教师STS教育的游戏需求分析和面向初中生STS教育的游戏需求分析（1）通过对在职教师调研，收集他们对STS教育的游戏的设计建议，以及收集他们对STS教育的认识和中学STS教学现状并分析利用游戏实施STS教学可行性和价值意义；（2）通过对学生调研，收集他们对生活化学知识的学习现状并分析利用游戏渗透STS教育的可行性和价值意义；

   　 第四部分——STS教育游戏的设计与开发。它包括以下四个方面：第一方面是游戏的教学设计分析，它包括（1）学习需求分析，进一步认识STS教育的重要性，其中以生活化学教育为核心；（2）学习者分析，从学生的心理特点出发，选择初三学生作为游戏设计的面向对象；（3）学习内容分析，通过分析教材，选择初中教材的“化学与生活”板块为游戏设是游戏的设计原则，在设计游戏中必须遵循内容的科学性原则、目标内化设计原则、辅助资源多样化设计原则。第三个方面是游戏的设计阶段，包括设计阶段、制作阶段、调试测评阶段、修改成型阶段。第四个方面是游戏的案例实现，本研究总共设计了五个游戏案例，分别是《晶体糖的制备》、《化学肥料》、《化学元素与计内容；（4）学习目标分析，根据游戏设计的内容，明确学习目标。第二方面健康》、《生活垃圾的分类》、《不沉的肥皂泡》。并置于以520化学游戏网www.520hx.com.cn/yx可供供广大师生体验。

　　第五部分为STS教育游戏的应用研究。研究一主要调查初三学生对STS教育游戏的态度，调查发现，STS教育游戏受到大多数学生的喜欢，在一定程度上，它能帮助学生学习生活中的化学知识，从而提高学生学习化学知识的兴趣。同时，学生也为游戏的开发提出了许多有价值的意见。研究二主要调查分析STS教育游戏的可玩性，将游戏的可玩性测量分为九个维度，编制成李克特五点量表。研究发现，游戏的的互动性得分相对低，其余指标得分较高，表明受到大部分学生的认可；关于游戏的趣味性和吸引力这两个指标，它们对玩家是否愿意继续玩下去的影响最显著，这意味着，STS教育游戏下一步的工作重点，应在游戏的趣味性和吸引力方面继续完善。研究三主要调查在职教师对STS教育游戏的态度。通过调查发现，在职教师普遍认为该游戏可以做为一项具有价值的教学资源，在条件允许的情况下，他们愿意在以后的教学工作中使用该游戏实施STS教学。与此同时，在职教师们也为该游戏提出了许多宝贵的建议，从而使笔者不断反思在实施STS教育的游戏化教学中应注意的问题。

   　 第六部分为研究结论，本研究结论包括：（1）在理论与实践相结合的基础上，提倡将游戏化思想、STS教育思想引入中学化学学习资源开发中，并为STS教学实施游戏化教学提供范例 ；(2)提出本研究中存在的不足，它包括在知识性、趣味性、吸引力等方面要完善的地方；（3）提出工作的重点。丰富游戏内容和形式，完善探究和合作功能；（4）提出展望，期望更多的教育教学专家、教育技术工作者、学科教师，积极投身到STS教育游戏的开发和应用中来，为了推进游戏化学习、激发学习者的学习兴趣、为渗透STS教育而共同努力。

　　本研究对基于STS教育游戏的应用开发这一新兴课题进行了初步研究，把与生活密切相关的化学知识设计开发成5款集趣味性、生活性、情境性、参与性于一体的游戏，使学习者在轻松环境中就能习得生活化学常识，不仅为广大师生提供了STS教学的资源，而且也构建了利用游戏实施STS教学的案例。

关键词：STS教育  游戏设计  晶体糖的制备  化学肥料  化学元素与健康生活垃圾的分类   不沉的肥皂泡  游戏评价

Research on design and application of chemistry educational game based on STS education for

junior high school

Major: Chemistry Curriculum and Teaching Theory

   Name: Min Xie   Email: xiemin.36@163.com

                 Supervisor: Yangyi Qian

ABSTRACT

Along with the development of information technology,computer games, which plays as  entertament, quickly attracted many teenagers' attention. But it also brings a lot of negative effeSTS at the same time. How to use the information  to realize the "edu-tainment" education,which has been put forward hundreds of years ago , becomes the subject urgent need to address  in education. Education game  in this context came into being. It  makes learners in game set in the scene to complete the construction of a knowledge, with entertaining and interesting induced the inner motivation of learners.

With the condition of the new curriculum, teaching also pay more attention to the life. Preliminary understanding chemical in real application is one of the goals of the middle school chemistry teaching. It is in agreement with the "STS" education thoughts, which procesed by the iternational education. STS education is the core of "science socialization education", stressing the importance of providing real scene in scientific learning. learners can contact with  the social real life relecanted with science and technology as more as possible. However there are still some problems exist in the middle school chemistry educational  game, such as content limitations,being weak in situation,ets.

The first part is the topic research background, research meaning and purpose  statement , in order to  make the thought and  research method  clear. Then a research project of the junior high school education is put forward based on STS-chemical education of game design and application research, aiming to make students fullly understand STS education in the game of the teaching, providing teaching resources and the teaching examples at the same time.

The second part ,Theoretical Basis and Literature Review. Theoretical basis mainly tell in about the game theory and design ideas. There are two aspeSTS for the literature review, including the reseach progress of educaiton games’ design by combited with entertainment of education and information technology at home & abroad. We can learn that: 1, The balance of educational and gamaply is still the key piont to the game development of high school chemistry education at home and abroad; 2,The development of chemistry abroad pays more attention for the reality with daily life, such as taking the life of chemical knowledge for content version. However, we can find that the development of chemisitry games are in a limited content and weak situation in our country; 3, For the integration of edutainment with information technology, China is still a t the primary stage. We can use the excellent edutainment games to design as the computer games, make the integration of education games and information technology into reality step by step. So, this reseach in base on the design theory of STS education , to design the excellent education games into computer games, make the integration of education and edutainment games into reality.

The third part ,Requiremnt Analysis, the game requirement analysis of STS educaiaton for in-service teacher and students in junior hight school. On the one hand, we can collect the design advices & knowledge of STS education Game and present situation of middle school STS education thought the research of in-service teachers, to analyse the feasibility and value by using STS education via games; On the other hand, with the help of survery to students, we can collect the study present situation for the chemical knowledge in their life, to analyse the feasibility and value of  teaching mode when games infiltrate into SEST educateion

The fourth part is the design and development of the games about STS education,including the following four aspeSTS:The first aspect, is the analysis about teaching of the game design，which is also divied four parts as follows:(1).Learning Needs Analysis,whose core is the life of chemical education,it aims to have a better understanding of the importance of STS education.(2).Learner analysis,it must start from the psychological characteristics of the students who were selected as the third grade of junior high school,as the design of this game on the object-oriented Technique;(3).Analysis of learning content,through the analysis of teaching materials,choosing"Chemistry and Life" as the content of the game design;(4).Analysis of learning objectives,the students must clear learning objectives,which is based on the content of the game.The second aspect contain the principles about game design,it must follow some principles,such as the content of scientific principles ,target within the design principles,Supporting resources to diversify the design principles .Now is he third aspect,which is the design stage of the game,it includes the design stage,production stage,debug evaluation stage，modify the formative stage.The fourth aspect is the realization of the game case,in this study,it has designed a total of five games case,they are "Preparation of crystal sugar","Chemical fertilizers","Chemical elements and health","The classification of garbage","Unsinkable soap bubbles".

The fifth part is the Applied Research of STS education games.In study one,it found that most students loved the games ,which were based on the research about the attitude of the 9th grade students.To a certain extent,the games play an important role in helping students to learn the Chemical knowledge well in the life,and thus to improve their learning interest.In reverse,the students can also made many valuable proposals on the development of the games during the games process.The key to the Study Two is on the gameplay experience of STS education games.the Likert 5 point scale had been constructed based on the nine dimensions that it had been divided into. Research finds that the score of  the interactivity of this game is relatively low, but other indicators get higher scores.The results above indicated that the games had received the student's favourable consideration.Of course,this is a matter for congratulation. How about the Interestedness and attraction in this games?There can be no doubt that they are the most significant factors which are related to if Players willing to continue playing the games,which suggested that we will continue to focus on perfecting the two factors in order to receive fully affirmative and welcome of the students.However,Study Three focus on the attitude of the teachers on the STS educational games.It found that the teachers were willing to use the STS education games so as to construct a new teaching model under conditions permitting,as they Generally believed that the game can be used as a valuable teaching resource.Of course,they had also made many valuable suggestions for the game during this process,which will propel us self-thinking the problem reflected on the implementation of the game in STS education teaching constantly.

The ending is conclusion，which are as following:(1).Introducing the game thinking,STS education of high school chemistry learning resources development, and providing teaching in game with new ideas on the basis of a combination of theory and practice.(2).Discussing the current problems in research topic, including some points that still need perfection,such as informativeness, interestedness,attraction during the games.(3).Presenting the focal point of our work: improving the form and content,improving the function of inquiry and cooperation.(4).Putting forward the prospeSTS.In order to promote the game of learning,stimulate learners' interest in learning and integrate STS education into teaching,education are expected to engage in the development and application of STS educational games

In this study,five STS educational game on the education of Junior Middle School Chemistry had been designed and developed,which had been conducted in active experiment.They are really marvelous,as they are not only provide STS teaching resource for teachers and students,but also build a case in STS teaching through the games.

KEY WORDS: STS education, game design , Preparation of crystal sugar ,Chemical fertilizers ,Chemical elements and health ,The classification of garbage ,Unsinkable soap bubbles , the evaluation of game