1.订立、变更合同
动词 Make/ Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute
/covenant /reach a contract
名词 the making of/conclusion of/formation of/creation of
/execution of /the entry
into a contract/covenant
This agreement/contract is made and
entered into on the 8th of Aug, 2008 by and between Party A and
Party B.
2.合同的终止、解除、撤销
terminate
a contract
通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。
cancel
a contact
因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。
discharge
a contract
合同当事人的合同关系已终止。
rescind
a contract
免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。
revoke
a contract
即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
合同中常用词及句型
1.常用虚词
shall, notwithstanding,
as, foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above
mentioned, according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as
per, as provided in, pursuant, under or in accordance with the
agreement, as provided herein, as provided in hereof, include but
not limited to, with prejudice, whereas, hereof, hereto, herein,
hereby, hereinafter, hereunder, thereof, forthwith, the following,
as follows, as of the date of,
hereunder.
1.1
shall
应该，必须。有时也可用will，但力度比较弱
should
在法律文件里往往用作“if” 表示如果之意
1.2
Notwithsanding=in spite of,
despite. 放句首
1.3
as
1.3.1.
as the case may be
(视情况而定)， as the case
may require(视具体要求而定)
1.3.2. as +
provide/stipluate,set forth, prescribe
表“依照什么规定”, As provided
短语含义相当于 in accordance with
The venture may relocate its office from time to time as the
Venturers may require.
1.3.3
such……as…构成极具代表性的表达
such date as a resonable in the circumstances
(as这里可以换成that).
1.4
foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned,
abovementioned.
一般放在名词之前做限定，意思相同，都做“上述的”或“前述的”讲。合同中只要重复第一次提到的姓名或名称，即可将上述词放在合同内名词之前。如果想用动词短语表达，可将mentioned
above 放在名词先行词后。要限定或重复某事，也可用Something in
question表达
1.5
依照什么规定
According to
(最少用), under, subject to, in accordance
with, as per, as provided in, prusuant to, under or in accordance
with the agreement, as provided herein.
Pursuant to
Article 8 of the contract=pursuant to Article 8 hereof.
具体条款放在contract前不用of连接；也可用hereof,
thereof直接放在具体条款之后.
1.6including
but not limited to, including, without limitation,
including by way of illustration but not limitation.
包括但不限于
1.7 prior
to, no later than, on or before.
“在**日前，提前多少日”
1.8
as follows, as below, the following. “下列”
NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows/as
bellow.
1.9 without
prejudice to, with prejudice.
“在不损害什么的规定/情况下，不使受损害”“和有损，有偏见”
1.10 hereof,
hereto, hereunto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereinbefore,
hereunder, thereof, whereby
Here指该合同或协议
There
指另一合同或协议
1.11
attributable to, by virture of, on account
of
(相当于普通英语中due to, because
of)
1.12 in lieu
of. “替代”相当于普通英语中的instead of.
1.13
hereinafter referred to as, hereinafter called, herein referred to
as. “以下简称”
1.14 unless
otherwise 一半后面紧跟动词，除非另…（比“if not”
“otherwise”正式）
Unless otherwise specified in the contract/
L/C除非另有规定
Unless otherwise expressly agreed by 除非另有约定
1.15 in
respect of 关于, 比
about, concerning, as regards正式
in respect thereof 表示上文已提及的事项时使用
1.16 in the
event that, in the event of
如果…发生，比when更正式
1.17
provided that:
但规定，规定；但是。常用于合同的某一条款需要做进步一规定时，或作规定时语气上表示转折。
1.18 be
deemed: 比be believed, be
considered正式
1.19 in
question, under consideration, being talked about.
该，这
The matters
in question 该事项
1.20 in
case, the (the)case of: 如果，含“一旦、万一”之意。
1.21 be
liable for sth, be liable to sb, be responsible in accordance with
law. 对某事人负有责任
1.22 know
all men by these
presents根据本文件，特此宣布;
undersigned法律文件签署者，前面加the，是指文件签署者的自称
Now Therefore
特此，因此。一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”“特此”
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2
章chapter,
条article/(section/clause美国合同),款paragraph,项subparagrahp
2.6
有权做
shall/will have the right to
do; (可用may
do代替)
be entitled to do
(可用may
do代替)
reserve the right to do—专指“保留行使做什么的权利”
be (duly) authorised to do / have the authority to do
经授权
have the authority to do
do sth. At one’s option
be at liberty to do—指由行为人自主决定做什么
2.7
有责任有义务做
Have the legal obligationto do
Be obliged to
Shall do
Be under the obligation to do
Shall be liable to do.
2.8
effect 合同英语中一般指“实现”“完成”
2.9 couterpart, copy, duplicate, original
一式三份 is made
in 3 origianls/ couterpart,/copy/duplicate
2.10
incur “招致”相当于普通英语中cause
2.11
to-wit法律专用于，意思等于中文的“即”，同普通英语中的that is to
day(i.e)
2.12
sanction（很少用）, approval批准
2.13 do sth.
In its entirety “全部，整个做什么” do sth.
Totally, do sth as a whole.
2.14
Mortgage相当于我国法律中的“抵押”
Lien相当于“留置”
Security相当于“担保、保证”a secuired
land一块设定担保的土地，a secuired
money保证还款
Charege；指给土地等财产设定的保证付款的债权
Pledge:
保证；为支付由转移人发生的债务将动产转移，作为担保的方式；承典人对所收典物享有的权利（典权）
Encumbrance指给财产设定的债券，例如租赁、抵押、限制性契约、收取房租等。
2.15
尽力做某事
Use all resonable endeavors to do; use one’s best efforts.
合同用语
1.合同中常用句型
1.1“如果”“假如’
If and whenever
In the event of
/that(从句中的谓语可用一般现在时)
和in case “如果”“在什么情形下”
Where
Should从句—只有假设的是违背当事人意志的不利情况时候采用到
Provided (that) /providing ( that)，On
the conditions that均表示实现某结果的前提条件，一般用于句末
In so far as (insofar
as)“只要”“如若”替代普通英语中的as long as
1.2
何物仍归谁所有或何物所有权归谁 sth is (shall remain) the
property of sb.
1.3
“除外条款”“但书”在合同中成为 ‘saving clause”
表现句型一般有save
that句型和save as
句型两种，表示“…除外”
1.4
“一……就……”upon…..
一般不用ASAP
1.5
除非另有规定 unless otherwise
stipulated/required/stated, except as otherwise
provided两种基本句型
1.6 so
agreed
So agreed,
this____th day of (month), 2001
另一种表达方式为：Inwitness whereof, the parties set
their hands and seals hereunto as of the date hereinabove
mentioned.
2.
合同的五个部分的例句与用词
2.1
协议当事人parties、叙述recital、正文habendum、附录schedule、证明attestation.
叙述部分由WHERERAS加双方愿望等订立合同的基础。
开头句式
2.1.1 this
agreement is made the___ th day of __ between___, a company
incorporated in____(country) and having its registered
office/pricipal place of business/head office at___(domicile)
(hereinafter called “ XX company) of the one party and __(ID
No.:____) of __( domicile) (hereinafter called “YY Manager”) of the
other party
2.1.2 An agreement for service made the 1st day of sep,2008
between__of__(add) (hereinafter referred to as XX company) as one
part and Mr. __of ___(add)(hereinafter referred to as the
contractor ) of the other part.
2.1.3 This
contract is made by and entered into on March 1st, 2008, by and
between____LTD.(hereinafter referred to as “PARTY A”) and
__LTD. （hereinafter referred to as PARTY
B）.
2.2协议正文的表达有主动和被动两种谓语经常用agree或agree加covenant包括下列表达：
2.2.1 NOW IT
IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:
2.2.2 NOW
THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as follows:
2.2.3
WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED as follows:
2.2.4
NOW， THEREFORE, in consideration of the
mutual promies and covenants herein contained, the parties hereto
agree as follows:
2.2.5 For and in consideration of the mutual covenants and
promises herein contained, the Parties herein agree to consitute
themselves as joint venturers, henceforth, “ venturers” for the
purposes before mentioned.
2.2.6 NOW
THEREFORE, the parties herby covenant and agree as
follows:
2.27 It is
understood and expressively agreed that…
2.3证明部分“双方签字盖章，特此为证”
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF / IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF+主动语态句型或被动语态句型
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hands
the day and the year first above written.
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein has been
executed effective as of the date first above
written
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be
executed by their respective duly officers as of the date first
hereinabovewritten.
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF this deed has been entered into on the date stated at the
beginning
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, we have hereunto signed and sealed this
contract on the day and year first written above.
3.
合同一般条款的例句与用词
3.1
定义。定义的句型常用：
Shall refer
to
Means
Shall
mean
Shall be
constructed as
3.2
通知特快专递常用express courier, express delivery
service.等词加前置by或via表达，文中一般要用shall表示送达方的义务
3.3保险条款
under
term of CIF, by the
buyers, against
3.4
保证赔偿方面一般会用到shall indemnify and hold sb harmless
of/from/for短语
Company
shall indimnify and hold sales representitive harmless of and from
any and all libility attributable soley to the negligent,
intentional or other acts of company or its
employees.
公司应赔偿因其公司或某职员的单方过失、故意或其他行为而致的所有责任，并保证销售代表免于承担上述责任。
3.5
争议的解决
All disputes arising in connection with this contract or in
the execution thereof should be settled amicably through
negotiations. In case no settlement can be reached, the case in
dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration in__. The
abitration award shall be accepted as final and binding upon both
parties.
Any controversy or claim aring out of or related to this
agreement, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration
in accordance with the commercial arbitration rules of the
Arbitration association, and judgement upon the award rendered by
the arbitratior(s) may be entered in any court having
juurisdication thereof.
3.6
争议的法律适用方面 governing law
This
agreement is governed by and shall be constructed in accordance
with the laws of the PRC.
3.7
文字效力方面
This contract is made in two originals in english, both being
equally valid and authentic.
3.8股权转让
transfer of equity interests/shares.
文中多用shall, may not, shall not等义务性或禁止性规定。
The bags
shall be sound
and suitable for ocean transportation
Wittent
consent书面同意
Bear all
costs承担费用
Bebound
unto In the sum of
Save
as 除了……之外。
Standby
letters of credit备用信用证
Forth
with 立刻，不犹豫
Dead
freight空仓费
Demurrage滞港费
常用的实义词
2.1 provide,
stipulate, prescribe, discribed, set forth.
表示“规定 ” 名词分别为 provision,
stipulation, prescription
2.2
represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee
“保证”。 Represent
和 warrant连用，出现在合同中声明和保障部分。
Party A
hereby represents and warrants to party B that.
甲方向乙方声明并保证。
2.3
principle place of business, domicile, business
premise“主营业地”“住所”“营业场所”
2.4
annex/annexes, appendix/appendices, schedule/schedules,
addendum/addenda.
“附件”其中 annex还有“吞并、合并”的意思。
2.5 chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph,
subparagraph
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